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All Journal Sciences of Phytochemistry African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Ambe, Daniel Akpe-Efiak
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Phytochemical Profiling, Cytotoxicity, and Antiproliferative Potential of Solenostemon monostachyus (Fabaceae) Leaves Odion, Emmanuel Eimiomodebheki; Ambe, Daniel Akpe-Efiak; Ifejika, Kidochukwu Naomi; Odiete, Eravweroso Congrat; Osigwe, Chinyelu Clementina
Sciences of Phytochemistry Volume 3 Issue 2
Publisher : ETFLIN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58920/sciphy0302244

Abstract

Solenostemon monostachyus (S. monostachyus) is a widely distributed and important herb in central and west Africa, traditionally used in treating various ailments, including tumors. This study aims to identify the phytoconstituents in the methanol leaf extract of S. monostachyus and evaluate the cytotoxic and anti-proliferative potentials of the methanol extract and its fractions (n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate). Preliminary phytochemical screening was conducted to determine different classes of phytochemical constituents in the powdered leaf. Phytoconstituents were identified from the methanol extract by chromatographic analysis (HPLC and GC-MS). The extract and fractions of S. monostachyus were tested against Raniceps raninus tadpoles and Sorghum bicolor radicles to evaluate their cytotoxic and growth suppression potentials. HPLC analysis revealed catechin, cyanogenic glycosides, flavanone, sparteine, sapogenin, and phytate. GC-MS analysis displayed (Z)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl 9-octadecenoic acid ester, 2-dodecyl-1,3-propanediol, 1-nitro-bicyclo[6.1.0]nonan-2-one, and furazano[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,6-diamine, N, N’-di(propynyl) as the prominent compounds. A cytotoxic effect was observed at 160 µg/mL, with a recorded 56.67 ± 3.33% mortality within 0.5 h, increasing to 100.00 ± 0.00% mortality of the tadpoles within 1 h of treatment. A concentration of 16 mg/mL of S. monostachyus extract significantly (p<0.05) exerted 56.15% (0.82 ± 0.08) suppression of the emerging radicles in 24 h, which later increased to 94.55% (1.10 ± 0.07) after 96 h. This indicates that S. monostachyus leaf extract contains phytochemicals with cytotoxic and growth-suppression potentials.
Phytochemical Profiling of Passiflora edulis Vines Odion, Emmanuel Eimiomodebheki; Nwigwe, Godfavour Nzubechukwu; Ambe, Daniel Akpe-Efiak; Nnamani, Monica Nnenna; Osigwe, Chinyelu Clementina; Odiete, Eravweroso Congrat; Iyanyi, Loveth Uchechukwu
Sciences of Phytochemistry Volume 3 Issue 1
Publisher : ETFLIN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58920/sciphy0301219

Abstract

Over time Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa (PEFF) have been utilized in traditional medicine for the treatment of different health ailments. This study aims to identify the phytochemical constituents in the vines of PEFF responsible for its traditional usage. Maceration in methanol was used in the extraction of the powdered vines and standard procedures were also used to screen for its phytochemical contents. Two chromatographic techniques such as High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) were exploited to identify and quantify the phytoconstituents in the methanol extract. Phytochemical screening showed alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, saponins and terpenoids in the vines of PEFF. Prominent compound revealed by HPLC analysis include pyrogallol (18.64%), ferulic acid (13.71%), ellagic acid (12.88%), salicylic acid (10.83%), ribalinidine (10.50%) and cresol (9.67%). While the GC-MS analysis showed Octadec-9-enoic acid (67.78%); 3-methylindole-2-carboxlic acid,4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-, ethyl ester (16.89%) and 3-aminopyrrolidine (14.52%). Thus, the vines of PEFF contain phytoconstituents responsible for it use in traditional medicine.
Preliminary Assessment of the Potential Embryotoxic Effects of Alstonia boonei De Wild (Apocynaceae) Stem Bark Extract during Organogenesis in Pregnant Sprague-Dawley Rats Ambe, Daniel Akpe-efiak; Udoh, Etimbuk Iboro; Udoh, Anwanabasi Effiong
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i3.7476

Abstract

Alstonia boonei stem bark is widely employed in traditional medicine during pregnancy for obstetric purposes, including labour induction, prevention of postpartum haemorrhage, and expulsion of retained placenta. However, the safety of its use during gestation remains scientifically unverified. This study aimed to evaluate the embryotoxic and teratogenic potential of methanolic stem bark extract of A. boonei in pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats. Oral doses of 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg of the extract were administered to pregnant rats (n = 5 per group) from gestational day (GD) 8 to 15, while the control group received no treatment. On GD 16, the animals were euthanized for the assessment of teratogenic indicators, including fetal, placental, and uterine parameters. No statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in fetal weight, crown–rump length, anogenital distance, or placental and uterine metrics across all groups. However, a significant increase (p < 0.05) in fetal head circumference was recorded at the 400 mg/kg dose (3.49 ± 0.05 mm) compared to the control group (3.32 ± 0.03 mm), indicating possible disruption in central nervous system development. No fetal deaths, malformations, or resorptions were observed. These findings suggest that A. boonei extract is non-teratogenic and embryotoxically safe at doses up to 200 mg/kg, but higher doses may pose risks of dose-dependent developmental alterations. Further investigations are necessary to clarify the mechanisms involved and establish a definitive safety threshold for its use during pregnancy.
Co-Authors Ifejika, Kidochukwu Naomi Iyanyi, Loveth Uchechukwu Nnamani, Monica Nnenna Nwigwe, Godfavour Nzubechukwu Odiete, Eravweroso Congrat Odion, Emmanuel Eimiomodebheki OSIGWE, Chinyelu Clementina Udoh, Anwanabasi Effiong Udoh, Etimbuk Iboro