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All Journal Journal of Dentistry Indonesia The Indonesian Biomedical Journal
Ghani, Nurhafizah
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Dentistry Public Health

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Expression of GABAA Receptor Subunits α1 and β2 in Healthy Human Dental Pulp Sivakumar, Diveyaa; Shahidan, Wan Nazatul Shima; Ghani, Nurhafizah; Liszen, Tang; Ramli, Rosmaliza
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 16, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v16i1.2742

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), has a well-established role in pain modulation. While numerous studies have delved into the expression of GABA and its receptors in dental pulp, the exact influence of these receptors on dental pain signaling has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the gene and protein expression of the two most abundantly expressed GABA type A (GABAA) receptor subunits, GABAA receptor subunit α1 (GABRA1) and β2 (GABRB2), in healthy human dental pulp.METHODS: Six tooth samples were collected from healthy individuals referred for orthodontic treatment. Total RNA was isolated from the pulp tissues of three samples and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to assess gene expression of GABRA1 and GABRB2. The other three samples were examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC) for visualization of GABRA1 and GABRB2 proteins within the dental pulp.RESULTS: RT-PCR analysis reported the presence of both GABRA1 and GABRB2 in the dental pulp, and independent t-test analysis revealed that the expression of GABRA1 was significantly higher than GABRB2. The immunohistochemical staining provided compelling visual evidence of the expression of GABRA1 and GABRB2 proteins within the odontoblast layer of dental pulp, clearly indicating their presence in the cell bodies and odontoblastic processes extending into the dentin.CONCLUSION: The presence of α1 and β2 subunits of the GABAA receptor in healthy human dental pulp offers valuable insights for further research into the potential roles of GABAA receptors in dental pain signaling.KEYWORDS: γ-aminobutyric acid, GABAA receptors, GABRA1, GABRB2, dental pain, pain signaling
The Association between Hypodontia, Supernumerary Teeth, Cleft Type, and Cleft Side in Pediatric Non-Syndromic Cleft Patients in Malaysia Hwa En, Tan; Sulaiman, Mohammad Majduddin; Samsudin, Norsamsu Arni; Ghani, Nurhafizah
Journal of Dentistry Indonesia
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Background: Cleft lip and palate are the fourth most common congenital facial anomalies worldwide. Cleft patients have a higher prevalence of dental anomalies than the general population. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of hypodontia and supernumerary teeth among the permanent teeth of pediatric patients with clefts at Hospital Pakar Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). Methods: A retrospective record review study was conducted using dental records and panoramic radiographs from 64 non-syndromic cleft patients aged 6 to 17 years who attended Hospital Pakar USM between 2019 and 2024. Inter-examiner reliability for the assessment of hypodontia was strong, with Cohen’s kappa of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.80-0.98). Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square and Fisher's exact test (p ≤ 0.05). Results: The prevalence of hypodontia in cleft patients is 90.6% (58 out of 64). Among the total sample, 53.1% (34 out of 64) were patients with UCLP and hypodontia, representing the largest subgroup. The relationship between hypodontia and cleft type is significant (p = 0.005). Among 34 unilateral cleft lip and palate patients, 70.5% (24 out of 34) exhibited hypodontia on both sides; 20.5% (7 out of 34) on the ipsilateral, and 9% (3 out of 34) on the contralateral sides. The relationship between hypodontia and the cleft side is significant (p < 0.001). However, no supernumerary teeth were reported among the 64 cleft patients. Conclusions: Within this single-center retrospective sample, there was a significant association between hypodontia and cleft type and cleft side. These findings underscore the critical importance of early multidisciplinary orthodontic and pediatric dental screening. Hence, larger multicenter studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Co-Authors Hwa En, Tan Liszen, Tang Ramli, Rosmaliza Samsudin, Norsamsu Arni Shahidan, Wan Nazatul Shima Sivakumar, Diveyaa Sulaiman, Mohammad Majduddin