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All Journal Mikailalsys Journal of Mathematics and Statistics
Garba, B. A.
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Engineering Mathematics Mechanical Engineering

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Multivariate Approaches to Neonatal Assessment of Newborn Babies Garba, B. A.; Baba, A. M.; Adamu, M. Y.
Mikailalsys Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Vol 3 No 3 (2025): Mikailalsys Journal of Mathematics and Statistics
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mjms.v3i3.7453

Abstract

This study examines gender-based differences in neonatal physical characteristics using multivariate statistical techniques. A total of 1,000 newborns (male and female) were sampled from the Federal University Wukari Teaching Hospital, Taraba State, Nigeria. Key anthropometric variables measured included occipito-frontal circumference (OFC), cranial circumference (CC), length of birth (LOB), abdominal circumference (AC), and weight (WT). Due to perfect correlation with other variables, AC was excluded from the multivariate analysis. The objective was to determine whether statistically significant physical differences exist between male and female neonates at birth. The study employed Hotelling’s T² test and profile analysis; however, the assumptions of homogeneity of covariance matrices (tested via Box’s M) and independence (assessed via scatter plots) were violated. To address these issues, a robust non-parametric permutation-based Hotelling’s T² test was conducted, yielding a statistically significant result (p < 0.001), indicating notable gender-based differences in multivariate mean vectors. While the main effect of Feature was highly significant (p < 0.001), revealing differences among OFC, CC, LOB, and WT, the Gender × Feature interaction was non-significant (p > 0.05), suggesting parallel measurement patterns across genders. The study concludes that gender significantly influences neonatal physical traits and that advanced multivariate methods, including Hotelling’s T² and profile analysis, are effective for analyzing high-dimensional neonatal data—even under violations of classical assumptions such as normality and homoscedasticity.
Logistic Regression Analysis on Cardiovascular Diseases in Jos Metropolis Delle, J. O.; Garba, B. A.; Anyah, A. D.; Shepan, A.
Mikailalsys Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Vol 4 No 1 (2026): Mikailalsys Journal of Mathematics and Statistics
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mjms.v4i1.8067

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with a rising burden in low- and middle-income countries such as Nigeria, yet localized evidence on CVD risk determinants in Jos Metropolis is limited. This study aimed to develop and validate a multivariate logistic regression model to identify and quantify significant predictors of CVD among adults in Jos Metropolis using routinely collected data. A descriptive cross-sectional analysis was conducted among 489 adults (≥18 years) using retrospective electronic health records (2015–2023) and patient survey data from Jos University Teaching Hospital and the Plateau State Ministry of Health. Candidate predictors included hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smoking, physical inactivity, age, gender, and occupation. Logistic regression with backward elimination was employed for model development, and model performance was evaluated using split-sample validation and goodness-of-fit assessments. The findings revealed hypertension as the strongest predictor, with hypertensive individuals having 4.3-fold higher odds of CVD (95% CI: 2.74–6.88, p < 0.001). Smoking, diabetes, and obesity increased CVD odds by 2.7-, 2.8-, and 1.8-fold, respectively, while age showed a modest but significant effect, with each additional year associated with a 2.3% increase in CVD risk (p = 0.002). Gender approached statistical significance, suggesting potential male vulnerability (OR = 1.47, p = 0.053). Overall, the model demonstrated moderate explanatory power (Nagelkerke R² = 0.21) and acceptable discrimination (AUC = 0.73). The study concludes that hypertension and other modifiable lifestyle-related factors are critical drivers of CVD risk in Jos Metropolis and supports the prioritization of community-based hypertension screening, smoking cessation initiatives, and lifestyle-focused health education as key public health strategies.
Co-Authors Anyah, A. D. Baba, A. M. Delle, J. O. M. Y. Adamu Shepan, A.