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All Journal Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Michael, Obembe Olusola
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Arts Computer Science & IT Engineering Social Sciences

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Bioinsecticidal Activities of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae) Seed Oil Extracts on Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, 1855 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Stored Maize Michael, Obembe Olusola; Tejumade, Philip-Attah Mary; Temitope, Omotoso Olumuyiwa
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 3 No 5 (2025): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v3i5.6779

Abstract

The preservation of stored grains against weevil infestations is critical for ensuring food security and minimizing post-harvest losses in Nigeria, where insect pests remain a major constraint to effective grain storage. This study evaluates the efficacy of seed extracts of Azadirachta indica in controlling Sitophilus zeamais. Seeds were extracted using five solvents—methanol, ethanol, acetone, petroleum ether, and n-hexane—and the resulting oils were tested for their effects on insect mortality, oviposition, adult emergence, grain damage, and long-term storage viability. Results indicate that ethanol extract was the most effective, inducing 100% mortality within 96 hours of exposure, followed by n-hexane (88.25%), petroleum ether (85.75%), methanol (82.25%), and acetone (76.15%). Extracts also significantly reduced oviposition and adult emergence, with complete suppression observed in ethanol-, petroleum ether-, and n-hexane-treated grains. These treatments also fully prevented grain damage and weight loss for three months, while methanol and acetone extracts allowed limited damage (9.19% and 8.18%, respectively). Germination tests showed high viability (95.25–98.25%) across all treatments, with the lowest germination recorded in petroleum ether extract (95.25%). The findings suggest that A. indica seed extracts are highly effective in managing S. zeamais infestations and represent a viable alternative to synthetic insecticides for safe and sustainable grain storage.
Phytochemical Screening and the Efficacy of Leaf Extract and Powder of Ageratum conyzoides against Callosobrochus maculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Stored Cowpea Seeds Michael, Obembe Olusola; Olamide, Kayode Emmanuel; Adeola, Adegbola Mary
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 4 No 3 (2026): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v4i3.9126

Abstract

Cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus, is a major pest of stored grains worldwide and causes substantial postharvest losses in cowpea storage systems. This study evaluated the insecticidal efficacy of leaf powder and ethanol leaf extract of Ageratum conyzoides against C. maculatus based on adult mortality, oviposition, adult emergence, long-term storage protection, seed viability, and phytochemical composition. Fresh leaves of A. conyzoides were air-dried, ground into fine powder, and partially extracted in ethanol at 60 °C for 30 min. The extract was filtered, concentrated using a rotary evaporator, and prepared at concentrations of 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% (v/w), while leaf powder was tested at dosages of 1, 2, 3, and 4 g (w/w). Phytochemical screening was conducted using standard procedures. The findings show that adult mortality increased with increasing extract concentration, powder dosage, and exposure time. Cowpea seeds treated with A. conyzoides powder at 8 g (w/w) recorded 92.25% mortality within 96 h, whereas 100% mortality was achieved with 8.0% (v/w) ethanol extract within the same exposure period. No oviposition occurred on seeds treated with 8.0% (v/w) extract, and no adult emergence was observed in seeds treated with 4 g (w/w) powder. Extract concentrations of 4%, 6%, and 8% (v/w) completely prevented seed damage during three months of storage, while germination tests after seven days showed 100% germinability in all treated seeds. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, anthraquinones, tannins, terpenes, and flavonoids. The study concludes that A. conyzoides leaf powder and ethanol leaf extract are effective botanical treatments for controlling C. maculatus without compromising seed viability. These findings contribute to stored-grain pest management by supporting the use of plant-based insecticides as environmentally safer and potentially cost-effective alternatives to synthetic insecticides.
Co-Authors Adeola, Adegbola Mary Olamide, Kayode Emmanuel Tejumade, Philip-Attah Mary Temitope, Omotoso Olumuyiwa