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Al-Wakeel, Mays Ibrahim
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Molecular Detection of Some Virulence Genes in E. coli Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections Al-Wakeel, Mays Ibrahim; Alnasrawi, Abeer M.; Al-Mamoori, Zahraa Z.; Al-Ghanimi, Ali Abdul Kadhim
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i3.298

Abstract

General Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most prevalent bacterial infections worldwide, predominantly affecting women and often caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli). Specific Background: The pathogenicity of E. coli in UTIs is primarily associated with its virulence genes, which enable bacterial adhesion, toxin production, and iron acquisition, thus facilitating colonization and persistence in the urinary tract. Knowledge Gap: Despite extensive research, the prevalence and distribution of major virulence genes among E. coli isolates in specific regions, such as Karbala, Iraq, remain insufficiently characterized. Aims: This study aimed to detect five virulence genes (HlyA, papC, iutA, CNF-1, and Sfas) in E. coli isolates obtained from women with UTIs, using molecular PCR techniques. Results: Among 24 isolates, the genes HlyA, papC, CNF-1, and Sfas were detected in 45.83%, 50%, 37.5%, and 37.5% of samples respectively, while iutA was absent. Novelty: This is one of the few studies providing molecular evidence of virulence gene distribution in UTI-associated E. coli within Iraq, highlighting regional variation compared to previous international reports. Implications: The findings enhance understanding of the molecular basis of UTI pathogenicity and may inform the development of targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.Highlight : The study identifies the distribution of five major virulence genes in E. coli isolated from UTI cases. PCR analysis reveals variation in gene frequency, indicating differing pathogenic potentials among isolates. The findings emphasize the importance of gene detection for improving therapeutic and preventive strategies against E. coli infections. Keywords : CNF-1, HlyA, iutA, papC, Sfas, UTI
Monitoring of IL-1β and MCP-1 Levels in Diabetic Patients with Foot Ulcer Infections: Pemantauan Kadar IL-1β dan MCP-1 pada Pasien Diabetes dengan Infeksi Luka Kaki Al-Wakeel, Mays Ibrahim
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12708

Abstract

General Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are among the most severe complications of diabetes mellitus, often complicated by persistent infections that delay healing and increase morbidity. Specific Background: Chronic DFUs are associated with exaggerated inflammatory responses, where cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) play pivotal roles in tissue damage and impaired recovery. Knowledge Gap: Despite evidence linking cytokines to inflammation, their diagnostic and prognostic utility in monitoring infection severity and bacterial involvement in DFUs remains insufficiently explored. Aims: This study evaluated serum IL-1β and MCP-1 levels in diabetic patients with infected foot ulcers, examining associations with ulcer severity, gender, and microbial isolates. Results: Compared with healthy controls, diabetic patients exhibited significantly elevated IL-1β and MCP-1 levels, which strongly correlated with each other and increased with Wagner ulcer stage. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant bacterial isolate, followed by E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Gender-specific differences were observed, with males showing higher cytokine concentrations, while correlations were stronger among females. Novelty: The study demonstrates a clear link between pro-inflammatory cytokines and ulcer severity, highlighting their potential as biomarkers for disease monitoring. Implications: Incorporating IL-1β and MCP-1 assessments into clinical practice may improve early diagnosis, guide therapeutic strategies, and support personalized management of diabetic foot infections.Highlight : IL-1β and MCP-1 increase with ulcer severity as reliable biomarkers. Staphylococcus aureus dominates bacterial isolates in diabetic foot ulcers. Persistent inflammation delays proper wound healing. Keywords : Diabetic Foot Ulcer, IL-1β, MCP-1, Inflammatory Cytokines, Wound Healing
Co-Authors Al-Ghanimi, Ali Abdul Kadhim Al-Mamoori, Zahraa Z. Alnasrawi, Abeer M.