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All Journal Rechtsregel : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Jurnal Surya Kencana Dua: Dinamika Masalah Hukum & Keadilan
Muslihul Aqqad, Giovani
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Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Kejahatan Internasional Ditinjau dari Segi Kejahatan Perang Muslihul Aqqad, Giovani
Jurnal Surya Kencana Dua : Dinamika Masalah Hukum dan Keadilan Vol. 12 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Surya Kencana Dua: Dinamika Masalah Hukum & Keadilan
Publisher : Universitas Pamulang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32493/SKD.v12i1.y2025.52083

Abstract

Kejahatan perang adalah salah satu kejahatan internasional yang paling serius dan diatur dalam berbagai instrumen hukum internasional, seperti Statuta Roma 1998 dan Konvensi Jenewa 1949. Artikel ini mengkaji kejahatan perang dengan pendekatan yuridis-normatif berdasarkan studi kepustakaan terhadap regulasi internasional dan praktik peradilan internasional, seperti Mahkamah Pidana Internasional (ICC) dan ICTY. Kejahatan perang ditandai oleh pelanggaran berat hukum humaniter internasional dalam konflik bersenjata, baik internasional maupun non-internasional. Karakteristik utama kejahatan perang mencakup kekerasan sistematis, keterlibatan aktor negara dan non-negara, serta pelanggaran hak asasi manusia yang bersifat kolektif. Penegakan hukum terhadap pelaku kejahatan perang menghadapi tantangan, seperti yurisdiksi universal, hambatan politik internasional, dan kurangnya kemauan negara besar untuk menyerahkan warganya. Artikel ini juga menyoroti pentingnya pertanggungjawaban individu dan superior responsibility. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kejahatan perang harus tetap menjadi perhatian utama dalam hukum internasional untuk menciptakan dunia yang adil dan melindungi korban konflik bersenjata.
KONSTITUSI SEBAGAI BATAS DISKRESI FISKAL PRESIDEN: TELAAH NORMATIF ATAS INPRES NO. 1 TAHUN 2025 Harjo Prayitno, Isnu; Muslihul Aqqad, Giovani
Rechtsregel : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol 8 No 2 (2025): Rechtsregel : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum
Publisher : Program Studi Hukum Universitas Pamulang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32493/rjih.v8i2.56540

Abstract

Presidential Instruction (Inpres) No. 1 of 2025 mandates budget savings of up to Rp 306 trillion from the State Budget (APBN) and Regional Budgets (APBD) as a response to the country's fiscal pressures, including limited tax revenue and rising expenditures on infrastructure and subsidies. This policy emerges amid the post-pandemic economic conditions that require efficiency, yet from the perspective of constitutional law, it sparks profound debates regarding the limits of the president's authority in regulating fiscal efficiency. To what extent does the president possess discretionary authority to manage fiscal efficiency, and how does the constitution restrict this discretionary space to ensure it does not violate the fundamental principles of a state governed by law? This article employs a normative juridical research method with a constitutional approach and public policy analysis to explore these issues. The findings indicate that the president indeed has discretionary authority to issue administrative policies such as Inpres, but this authority must not contravene constitutional principles, particularly Article 23 and Article 34 of the 1945 Constitution, which emphasize the use of the budget for the prosperity of the people and the fulfillment of basic rights. Fiscal discretion should be positioned as a tool to enhance government accountability and transparency, rather than a means to reduce the fulfillment of citizens' basic rights such as education, health, and social security. Consequently, the constitution serves as a check and balance mechanism over the president’s actions in managing state finances, ensuring that efficiency does not compromise social justice.
Co-Authors Harjo Prayitno, Isnu