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All Journal Qawanin Jurnal Ilmu Hukum HORIZON PUBLIC LEGAL STUDIES
Fauzi Ramadhan, Muhammad
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Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Tinjauan Yuridis Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan Atas Dasar Membela Diri Nuzul Fajrin; Fauzi Ramadhan, Muhammad
Qawanin Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): Maret - Agustus 2023
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Hukum, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56087/qawaninjih.v4i1.390

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the application of law to someone who commits a criminal act of murder on the basis of self-defense. The research method used is normative research. Based on the results of the research, it was concluded that based on the judge's legal decision someone who commits murder on the basis of self-defense cannot be subject to punishment in the form of a crime because the elements of forced defense are fulfilled in defending life and property and there are reasons for forgiveness. The terms of self-defense or forced defense (noodwear), namely (1) the defense is forced to be carried out in very forced circumstances; (2) to deal with an instant threatening attack; (3) threats of attack aimed at the three legal interests of the body, honor, decency, and property; (4) can only be carried out when threats or attacks are still ongoing; (5) the act of defense must be balanced with threatening attacks. In order to avoid misunderstandings regarding the crime of murder in self-defense, law enforcers or legislators should pay more attention to or clarify the conditions or benchmarks in self-defense that go beyond the limits to be taken into consideration in making laws, so as not to mistakes will occur in the future if the same case occurs. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan hukum terhadap seseorang yang melakukan perbuatan tindak pidana pembunuhan dengan dasar membela diri. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian normatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, disimpulkan bahwa berdasarkan putusan hukum hakim seseorang yang melakukan pembunuhan atas dasar membela diri tidak dapat dikenakan hukuman berupa pidana karena terpenuhinya unsur-unsur pembelaan terpaksa dalam membela jiwa dan harta benda serta adanya adanya alasan pemaaf. Syarat-syarat pembelaan diri atau pembelaan terpaksa (noodwear) yaitu (1) pembelaan terpaksa dilakukan dalam keadaan sangat terpaksa; (2) untuk mengatasi serangan yang mengancam seketika itu juga; (3) ancaman serangan ditujukan pada tiga kepentingan hukum atas badan, kehormatan, kesusilaan, serta harta benda; (4) hanya dapat dilakukan ketika ancaman atau serangan masih berlangsung; (5) perbuatan pembelaan harus seimbang dengan serangan yang mengancam. Agar tidak terjadi kekeliruan pemahaman mengenai tindak pidana pembunuhan karena membela diri, hendaknya para penegak hukum atau para pembuat undang-undang lebih memperhatikan atau memperjelas lagi syarat-syarat atau tolok ukur dalam pembelaan diri yang melampaui batas untuk dijadikan bahan pertimbangan dalam pembentukan hukum, agar tidak terjadi kekeliruan pada masa yang akan datang apabila ada kasus yang sama terjadi.
Criminal Act of Misuse of Patient Medical Data Against Health Insurance Aziilah, Sukaina; Fauzi Ramadhan, Muhammad; Ma'ruf, Tri Abriana
HORIZON PUBLIC LEGAL STUDIES Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): Vol 2 No 1 (2025): Horizon Public Legal Studies
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56087/xg3ptf55

Abstract

This study This study aims to analyze the criminal misuse of patient medical data in the context of health insurance in Indonesia, which is a crucial issue in protecting individual privacy rights. In practice, misuse of medical data is not uncommon, both directly and indirectly, which can harm patients physically, psychologically, and financially. This study uses a normative juridical approach by examining the applicable legal framework, combined with case studies as an empirical approach to assess how the law is implemented in the field. The results show that although a legal framework governing medical data protection exists, its implementation still faces various challenges, such as weak oversight, low legal literacy among data holders, and the absence of a firm and effective sanction mechanism. This study provides several strategic recommendations to strengthen legal protection for patient medical data, including through regulatory harmonization, increased oversight, education for stakeholders, and the establishment of an independent supervisory body authorized to protect personal data in the health and insurance sectors.
Co-Authors Aziilah, Sukaina Ma'ruf, Tri Abriana Nuzul Fajrin