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Hybrid deep learning and active contour for segmenting hazy images Ahmad Khairul Anuar, Firhan Azri; Jone, Jenevy; Raja Azhar, Raja Farhatul Aiesya; Jumaat, Abdul Kadir
IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) Vol 14, No 3: September 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijra.v14i3.pp429-437

Abstract

Image segmentation seeks to distinguish the foreground from the background for further analysis. A recent study presented a new active contour model (ACM) for image segmentation, termed Gaussian regularization selective segmentation (GRSS). This interactive ACM is effective for segmenting certain objects in images. However, a weakness of the GRSS model becomes apparent when utilized on hazy images, as it is not intended for such conditions and produces inadequate outcomes. This paper introduces a new ACM for segmenting hazy images that hybridizes a pretrained deep learning model, namely DehazeNet, with the GRSS model. Specifically, the haze-free images are estimated using DehazeNet, which fuses the information with the GRSS model. The new formulation, designated as GRSS with DehazeNet (GDN), is addressed via the calculus of variations and executed in MATLAB software. The segmentation accuracy was evaluated by calculating Error, Jaccard, and Dice metrics, while efficiency was determined by measuring processing time. Despite the increased processing time, numerical experiments demonstrated that the GDN model achieved higher accuracy, as indicated by the lower error and higher Jaccard and Dice than the GRSS model. The GDN model can potentially be formulated in the vector-valued image domain in the future.
Partitioning hazy images using interactive active contour models Ahmad Khairul Anuar, Firhan Azri; Jone, Jenevy; Aiesya Raja Azhar, Raja Farhatul; Kadir Jumaat, Abdul
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 40, No 3: December 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v40.i3.pp1317-1324

Abstract

Image partitioning, also known as image segmentation, is a process that involves dividing an image into distinct and meaningful segments. Recently, an interactive active contour model (ACM) namely the Gaussian regularization selective segmentation (GRSS) was designed to handle images with intensity inhomogeneity effectively. However, the GRSS model shows limited performance when applied to hazy images, which often results in incomplete detection and inaccurate extraction of the target object. This study reformulates the GRSS model by integrating the simple dark channel prior (SimpleDCP) dehazing technique, producing a modified model referred to as GRSS with SimpleDCP (GRSSD). The model is derived and implemented in MATLAB software. Experimental results show that the GRSSD model achieves improved segmentation accuracy (ACU) compared with the GRSS model. On average, the ACU improved by 1.8%, while the error metric (EM) decreased from 0.053 to 0.036, representing a reduction of about 32%. The Dice and Jaccard indices improved by approximately 2.6% and 4.9%, respectively. Although the computation time increased, the enhancement in segmentation ACU demonstrates the benefit of incorporating a dehazing process into the variational formulation. The proposed GRSSD model can be extended to color and three-dimensional image segmentation in future work.