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All Journal Obat: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan Cleanliness: Journal of Health Sciences and Medical Research
Sepbrilla Ananda Kusriadi
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Dentistry Health Professions Nursing Public Health

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Kajian Pustaka: Standarisasi Umbi Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) dan Bawang Putih (Allium cepa L.) Sepbrilla Ananda Kusriadi
OBAT: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan Vol. 3 No. 5 (2025): September : OBAT: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan
Publisher : Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61132/obat.v3i5.1827

Abstract

Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) and Allium cepa L. (including garlic and onion peel) are medicinal plants that have long been traditionally used to treat cancer, diabetes, hypertension, infectious diseases, and inflammation. Recent scientific studies emphasize the importance of extract standardization to ensure consistent quality, safety, and efficacy. Standardization includes specific parameters—such as organoleptic identification, water- and ethanol-soluble extract values, phytochemical profiles, and determination of marker compounds—and nonspecific parameters such as moisture content, loss on drying, total ash, and acid-insoluble ash. Ethanol extract of E. bulbosa showed moisture and drying loss values below 10%, total flavonoid content of around 1.2%, and positive phytochemical tests for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and quinones. Onion peel extract contains a high flavonoid content (7.84 mg QE/g) with moderate antioxidant capacity (DPPH IC₅₀ 152.65 µg/mL), while fermented garlic (black garlic) contains more than 12% polyphenols and more than 2% flavonoids, as well as a high level of S-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC) as a stable bioactive compound. The pharmacological activities of these standardized extracts include strong antioxidant effects, α-glucosidase inhibition for antidiabetic activity, induction of apoptosis and anti-angiogenesis as anticancer potential, membrane disruption and enzyme inhibition for antimicrobial activity, as well as COX/LOX modulation for anti-inflammatory effects. These activities are directly correlated with the secondary metabolite composition of each material. With their phytochemical richness and diverse biological activities, E. bulbosa and A. cepa have great potential as raw materials for standardized herbal products. Further in vivo studies and clinical trials are needed to validate their therapeutic efficacy and to support the development of evidence-based phytopharmaceuticals.
Literature Review: Standardization of Dayak Onion Bulbs (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) and Garlic (Allium Sativum.) Sepbrilla Ananda Kusriadi
Cleanliness: Journal of Health Sciences and Medical Research Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Penerbit Hellow Pustaka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61166/clean.v3i1.18

Abstract

Dayak onion (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.)) and garlic/shallot skin (Allium cepa L.) are medicinal plants that have long been used traditionally to treat various diseases such as cancer, diabetes, infections, and hypertension. Research related to these two ingredients shows that standardization processes, both specific and non-specific, are very important to ensure the quality and consistency of herbal products. The results of standardization of ethanol extract of Dayak onion bulbs showed low water content and drying loss, and a total flavonoid content of 1.2%. The content of active compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and quinones has also been identified through phytochemical tests. In shallot skin, the IC₅₀ value against DPPH free radicals reached 152.65 µg/mL with high flavonoid levels (7.84 mg QE/g), while fermented garlic showed very high polyphenol and flavonoid contents (>12% and >2%). The demonstrated pharmacological activities include antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, supported by the presence of key bioactive compounds. Thus, Dayak onion bulbs and garlic/shallot skins have great potential to be developed as raw materials for safe and effective standardized herbal medicines.
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