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The Role of ESG and External Assurance in Firm Performance: External Assurance as a Moderator Naibaho, Eduard Ary Binsar; Raudhotuzanah, Dara
JASF: Journal of Accounting and Strategic Finance Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): JASF (Journal of Accounting and Strategic Finance) - June 2025
Publisher : Accounting Department, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33005/jasf.v8i1.572

Abstract

Purpose: This study seeks to assess the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors and External Assurance on Firm Performance, with External Assurance acting as a moderating variable in the ESG-Firm Performance relationship. This research is based on agency theory, which explains the potential conflict of interest between management and shareholders over sustainability spending. Method: This research employs a quantitative methodology, utilizing panel data regression analysis. The sample consists of 120 publicly listed non-financial companies from ASEAN-5 countries over the period 2019–2023. Secondary data were obtained through a literature review from S&P Capital IQ and Thomson Reuters Eikon, and the sample was selected using a purposive sampling technique. Findings: The study’s results indicate that ESG and External Assurance have a negative impact on Company Performance, as indicated by Tobin’s Q, with coefficient values of -0.013 and -0.214. However, neither does it show a significant influence when measured by ROA. Furthermore, External Assurance influences the relationship between ESG and Company Performance (Tobin’s Q) with a coefficient value of -0.002. Still, it does not affect the relationship when ROA is used as a measure of Firm Performance. Novelty/Value: This study contributes to the current literature by providing empirical evidence on the moderating effect of External Assurance on the relationship between ESG and Firm Performance within the ASEAN-5 countries, incorporating two performance metrics.