Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

TEMPLE, STATE, AND SEA: GUOQING SI AND THE BUDDHIST TRANSFORMATION OF WUYUE KINGDOM (907–978 CE) YOU, Juyi; Gotiram, Chompoo
PROCEEDING OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EDUCATION, SOCIETY AND HUMANITY Vol 3, No 1 (2025): First International Conference on Education, Society and Humanity
Publisher : PROCEEDING OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EDUCATION, SOCIETY AND HUMANITY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

This investigation examines the intricate and multifaceted significance of Guoqing Temple in the development of the religious, political, and cultural framework of the Wuyue Kingdom (907–978 CE), recognized as one of China's most culturally vibrant regimes during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Utilizing an array of textual sources, archaeological findings, empirical fieldwork data, and comparative analyses with East Asian Buddhist centers, this paper posits that Guoqing si served as both a spiritual nucleus for the Tiantai School and a pivotal node for Wuyue's political legitimization, diplomatic endeavors, and transregional artistic exchanges. This study presents a tripartite analytical framework—comprising Temple-state integration, ritual-artistic transmission, and heritage formation—to elucidate the significance of Guoqing si as a maritime center of Buddhism. The results not only shed light on the temple's distinctive contributions to statecraft and cultural diplomacy but also enrich broader discussions regarding the institutionalization of religion, the concept of sacred kingship, and the material culture of Buddhism in medieval East Asia.

BUDDHISM AND IMPERIAL AUTHORITY UNDER WU ZETIAN: INSTITUTIONALISING THE SANGHA AS POLITICAL STATECRAFT IN EARLY TANG CHINA WEN, Yiran; Gotiram, Chompoo
PROCEEDING OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EDUCATION, SOCIETY AND HUMANITY Vol 3, No 1 (2025): First International Conference on Education, Society and Humanity
Publisher : PROCEEDING OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EDUCATION, SOCIETY AND HUMANITY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

This study investigates how Empress Wu Zetian (r. 690–705 CE), China's only female emperor, strategically restructured the Buddhist Sangha to consolidate imperial authority in the early Tang period. While earlier scholarship often emphasizes Wu's use of Buddhist prophecy and personal devotion, this article foregrounds the administrative and institutional transformations that embedded Buddhism within statecraft. Drawing on primary sources—including imperial edicts in the Jiu Tang shu and Xin Tang shu, Dunhuang manuscripts, monastic biographies, and apocryphal scriptures such as the Great Cloud Sutra—the analysis reconstructs how the Sangha was bureaucratised through monk-official appointments, ordination examinations, and temple registration, and how its economic base expanded through land endowments and fiscal privileges. Theoretically, the article integrates Max Weber's model of charismatic and routinized legitimacy with Pierre Bourdieu's concept of religious capital to conceptualise Buddhist institutions as both ideological producers and administrative instruments. Findings reveal that Wu Zetian's mobilisation of Buddhism was not only a strategy of female legitimation in a Confucian patriarchal order, but also a catalyst for the centralisation of Tang religious governance. This case thus contributes to broader debates on religion and state formation, the political uses of Buddhist institutionalisation, and the gendered dynamics of religious legitimacy in imperial China.

BUDDHIST CAUSALITY AND THE FORTUNE-TELLING PRACTICES IN URBAN CHINA: A MIXED-METHODS STUDY OF KARMA–VIPĀKA INTEGRATION IN DIVINATORY DISCOURSE HOU, Guangliang; Gotiram, Chompoo
PROCEEDING OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EDUCATION, SOCIETY AND HUMANITY Vol 3, No 1 (2025): First International Conference on Education, Society and Humanity
Publisher : PROCEEDING OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EDUCATION, SOCIETY AND HUMANITY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

This article examines how Mahāyāna Buddhist causality—specifically, the triadic concepts of karma, vipāka, and pratītyasamutpāda—is operationalized within the symbolic and discursive systems of contemporary Chinese fortune-telling. Drawing on textual analysis, semi-structured interviews with fifteen diviners, a quantitative survey of 278 clients, and longitudinal case studies, this study proposes a five-layer "divination–causality integration model." Findings demonstrate that Buddhist karmic logic, especially the "cause–condition–result" schema, is embedded in both interpretive frameworks and ritual interventions. Clients' endorsement of karmic beliefs correlates with improved emotional adjustment, more transparent decision-making, and more ethical conduct. This research contributes to the sociology of religion, psychological anthropology, and contemporary Buddhist studies by revealing how doctrinal teachings are reframed as therapeutic tools in late-modern Chinese society. The study further recommends incorporating Buddhist causal reasoning into culturally grounded mental health interventions and digital divinatory technologies.

CLINGING DRAPERY AND CONVERGING COSMOLOGIES: RE-ASSESSING THE NORTHERN QI “QINGZHOU STYLE” HAO, Siyuan; Gotiram, Chompoo
PROCEEDING OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EDUCATION, SOCIETY AND HUMANITY Vol 3, No 1 (2025): First International Conference on Education, Society and Humanity
Publisher : PROCEEDING OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EDUCATION, SOCIETY AND HUMANITY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

The 1996 excavation of more than four hundred sixth-century Buddhist sculptures at Longxing-si, Qingzhou, Shandong, profoundly reshaped the study of Northern Dynasties art. A generation of research has illuminated their stylistic hybridity, yet tensions persist between morphological description, laboratory science, and socio-political interpretation. This article reevaluates the so-called “Qingzhou style” of the Northern Qi (550–577 CE) through an integrative approach that links form, materiality, and symbolic function. Based on a first-hand analysis of eighty-seven sculptures, supported by micro-Raman and X-ray fluorescence data, petrographic provenance studies, and donor inscriptional evidence, three key findings are presented. First, the distinctive Cao yi chushui (body-clinging) drapery was not a passive Gupta import nor a purely local innovation but the outcome of state-sponsored standardization that articulated Xianbei cultural legitimacy. Second, petrographic results reveal that most limestone was quarried from Cambrian outcrops within a 20-km radius, indicating tightly controlled networks of production and a sacred geography. Third, iconographic innovations—including robe-carved Huayan cosmograms, hybrid pleat structures, and Sogdian-inspired brocade motifs—mediated transregional vocabularies in ways that challenge linear models of Sinicization or Indianization. By contextualizing stylistic choices within devotional meaning, workshop economies, and imperial power, this article proposes a biocultural-materialist framework for interpreting Buddhist sculpture. The Qingzhou corpus thus emerges not merely as an artistic phenomenon but as cultural infrastructure embodying sixth-century religious piety, ethnic negotiation, and Eurasian artistic exchange.

ETHICAL LEADERSHIP AND THE SINICIZATION OF CHINESE BUDDHISM: RE-READING THE CHANLIN BAOXUN AS A MODEL OF MONASTIC GOVERNANCE TODAY ZUO, Guangxi; Gotiram, Chompoo
PROCEEDING OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EDUCATION, SOCIETY AND HUMANITY Vol 3, No 1 (2025): First International Conference on Education, Society and Humanity
Publisher : PROCEEDING OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EDUCATION, SOCIETY AND HUMANITY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

This study reinterprets Chanlin Baoxun (禪林寶訓) as a foundational text that shapes ethical leadership and institutional governance in Chinese Buddhism from the Song dynasty to the present. Combining philological analysis of classical sources with comparative case studies of Nanputuo and Baoguang Monasteries, it argues that the Baoxun established an enduring paradigm of virtue-based governance that integrates Buddhist self-cultivation with Confucian moral rationality. The research identifies three interrelated principles—self-discipline (de 德), administrative competence (neng能), and social responsibility (gong 公)—that constitute the moral architecture of legitimate monastic authority. The text's internalization of Confucian ethics, particularly li (ritual propriety) and zhong-xiao (loyalty and filiality), illustrates how Sinicization functioned historically as an ethical translation rather than ideological assimilation. Contemporary monasteries continue to embody this legacy through distinct modalities: Nanputuo emphasizes compassion-driven civic engagement, while Baoguang institutionalizes virtue through transparent moral bureaucracy. The findings challenge reductionist readings of Sinicization as state compliance, demonstrating instead a long-standing process of moral localization through which Buddhist institutions negotiate cultural legitimacy and ethical autonomy. The study contributes to broader theories of religious leadership and governance by proposing a "virtue-bureaucracy" model that reconciles charisma, ethics, and institutional order—suggesting that durable authority, whether spiritual or secular, remains a moral achievement grounded in disciplined virtue.

Faith, Culture, and Inequality: Healthcare Access Among Elderly Han Buddhist Monks in China Liu, Zhengyu; Gotiram, Chompoo
Prosiding University Research Colloquium Proceeding of The 22nd University Research Colloquium 2026: Bidang MIPA dan Kesehatan
Publisher : Konsorsium Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Perguruan Tinggi Muhammadiyah 'Aisyiyah (PTMA) Koordinator Wilayah Jawa Tengah - DIY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Elderly Han Buddhist priests continue to be overlooked, even though China's elderly population is expanding and presents substantial obstacles to equitable healthcare access. Previous research has not sufficiently examined how religious teachings, cultural practices, and socio-economic constraints interact to shape disparities in healthcare access within monastic communities. The objective of this investigation is to examine the impact of religious, cultural, and economic factors on the healthcare disparities and access of elderly Han Buddhist clergy in China. Using a mixed approach including a quantitative survey this study found that high levels of religiosity significantly hindered access to biomedical treatment, while internal cultural support within the monastic community enhanced access to healthcare. Access to medical services was also considerably enhanced by socio-economic factors, including urban location and education level. The theoretical discourse on faith-based health behavior and social capital in healthcare is enriched by these findings, which illustrate that the ideological component of structural exclusion of religious communities is not solely economic in nature. This research offers multidimensional policy implications, including inclusive health insurance schemes, training health workers sensitive to spiritual values, and empowering monastery-based health cadres. To develop sustainable healthcare solutions that align with the religious and cultural values of elder monastic communities, a collaborative, cross-sector approach is required, involving government, NGOs, and religious institutions.

Between Empire and Mountain: Monk An Daoyi, Cliff Sutra Inscriptions, and The Localization of Buddhism in Northern Dynasties Shandong (386-581 CE) Zhang, Changlong; Gotiram, Chompoo
Prosiding University Research Colloquium Proceeding of The 22nd University Research Colloquium 2026: Bidang Sosial, Ekonomi dan Psikologi
Publisher : Konsorsium Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Perguruan Tinggi Muhammadiyah 'Aisyiyah (PTMA) Koordinator Wilayah Jawa Tengah - DIY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

This article examines the localization of Buddhism in Northern Dynasties China (386-581 CE) through a focused case study of the monk An Daoyi (???) and the cliff sutra inscriptions associated with his activities in Shandong Province. Moving beyond state-centered narratives that privilege imperial patronage and official Buddhist institutions, the study foregrounds regional monastic agency and material religious practice as critical forces shaping Buddhist transmission. Drawing on epigraphic evidence, historical texts, spatial analysis, and social network reconstruction, the article analyzes how An Daoyi mobilized local elites, monastic networks, and sacred landscapes to inscribe Mah?y?na doctrine-particularly Prajñ?p?ramit? thought-directly into mountainous terrain. The findings demonstrate that An Daoyi functioned as a monastic intermediary, mediating between imperial Buddhist orthodoxy and local religious ecologies shaped by mountain worship, gentry patronage, and sociopolitical instability. His cliff inscriptions operated simultaneously as textual transmissions, ritual technologies, and spatial interventions, transforming natural landscapes into enduring Buddhist sacred spaces. This bottom-up model of localization challenges dichotomous interpretations of "imperial versus popular Buddhism" and reveals how Buddhist authority was negotiated through materiality, calligraphy, and place-based devotion. By integrating theories of regional religion, social networks, and religious materiality, this article contributes to broader debates on Buddhist localization in medieval China. It offers a methodological framework for studying how religious traditions are reconfigured through localized monastic action beyond imperial centers.

Title

Found 7 Documents
Search

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Title Search

Found 7 Documents Search

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Title

Found 7 Documents
Search