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Design, Instruments, and Data Analysis in STEM Integration Research in Elementary Science Education: A Methodological Review Juddin, Sura; Maharani, Gezti; Dwi Amanah, Prelia
Indonesian Journal of Elementary and Childhood Education Vol. 6 No. 4 (2025): Edisi Desember 2025
Publisher : Indonesian Publication Center

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Abstract

The integration of the STEM approach in elementary science education has been increasingly investigated; however, the majority of studies continue to focus primarily on learning outcomes. Methodological aspects that play a crucial role in determining research rigor and validity have not received sufficient attention. This article presents a methodological literature review examining research designs, data collection instruments, and data analysis techniques employed in studies on STEM integration at the elementary level. The review analyzes selected articles from reputable national and international journals accessed through relevant academic databases within a specified publication period. The findings indicate that quantitative quasi-experimental designs dominate the field, while qualitative and mixed-methods approaches remain limited. The most commonly used instruments are learning achievement tests and questionnaires, although both demonstrate limitations in capturing learning processes, engineering practices, and the interdisciplinary nature of STEM integration. Data analysis predominantly relies on descriptive and basic inferential statistics. These findings highlight the need for greater methodological diversification, the development of more authentic and context-sensitive instruments, and the application of more comprehensive analytical techniques to enhance the quality and relevance of STEM integration research at the elementary school level.
Decade Trends of Augmented Reality: Challenges And Opportunities In Elementary Science Learning 2017–2026 Amanah, Prelia Dwi; Juddin, Sura; Maharani, Gesti; Gunawan, Gunawan
Indonesian Journal of Elementary and Childhood Education Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): Edisi Januari-Maret 2026 (Continuous Publication)
Publisher : Indonesian Publication Center

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This study aims to map the research trends of Augmented Reality in elementary science learning from 2017 to 2026 by examining research focus, implementation challenges, and future development opportunities. A systematic review employing bibliometric analysis was conducted on scientific publications indexed in Google Scholar and Dimensions.ai. Data were extracted using Publish or Perish and analyzed with VOSviewer to visualize publication patterns, keyword networks, and thematic evolution. The findings indicate a significant increase in AR-related publications in elementary science education, particularly after the COVID-19 pandemic, accompanied by a shift from technological exploration to pedagogical integration and learning outcomes. Based on the ANZSRC 2020 classification, the research is predominantly situated within Information and Computing Sciences and Education. Furthermore, SDGs analysis reveals a strong contribution to SDG 4 (Quality Education). Key challenges include limited technological infrastructure, insufficient teacher digital literacy, and a lack of context-responsive instructional design. Nevertheless, AR demonstrates substantial potential to support interactive, learner-centered, and sustainable elementary science learning. These findings highlight AR as a strategic educational technology capable of enhancing meaningful science learning when integrated with sound pedagogical frameworks.