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All Journal Science Midwifery International Journal of Public Health Excellence (IJPHE) International Journal of Nursing Information
Selvarajh, Gunavathy
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Dentistry Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Veterinary

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Development of Questionnaires for Measuring Pregnancy Anxiety, Sleep Quality, Knowledge Level, and Birth Readiness Jannah, Nurul; Selvarajh, Gunavathy
International Journal of Nursing Information Vol. 3 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Qualitative and Quantitative Research Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58418/ijni.v3i1.61

Abstract

Assessing the health of pregnant women with a questionnaire can prevent complications and help health professionals provide appropriate care. Assessment scales such as the pregnancy anxiety rating scale questionnaire (PARSQ), pregnancy sleep quality questionnaire (PSQQ), pregnancy knowledge level questionnaire (PKLQ), and birth readiness questionnaire (BRQ) need to be developed according to current conditions and real-life situations to serve as primary screening tools before proceeding with further treatment for pregnant women. This study aims to develop specific research measurement tools for pregnant women and validate the PARSQ, PSQQ, PKLQ, and BRQ questionnaires. The research method employed a qualitative approach by distributing questionnaires to 20 pregnant women, followed by statistical testing of questionnaire validity and reliability. The results showed that the calculated values (r-value) for the PARSQ, PSQQ, PKLQ, and BRQ questionnaires were greater than the critical value (r-table) of 0.359, indicating that the items in these four questionnaires are valid. The reliability test results used Cronbach's alpha for all four questionnaires, indicating that the questionnaires are reliable. In conclusion, the PARSQ, PSQQ, PKLQ, and BRQ questionnaires can be used to detect the health conditions of pregnant women. This research's contribution, through the use of questionnaires, can offer an effective tool for collecting and analyzing data needed to understand the phenomenon of pregnancy and improve existing theories and practices. Further research is recommended with a larger sample size of pregnant respondents.
Late-pregnancy anxiety as a distinct multidimensional construct: Psychometric evidence from a community-based sample Jannah, Nurul; Selvarajh, Gunavathy
Science Midwifery Vol 13 No 6 (2026): Health Sciences and related fields
Publisher : Institute of Computer Science (IOCS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/midwifery.v13i6.2230

Abstract

Anxiety during pregnancy was recognized as a common maternal mental health concern with important implications for maternal well-being and perinatal outcomes. Evidence suggested that anxiety experienced in late pregnancy was more context-specific and qualitatively distinct from general anxiety, yet its underlying structure remained insufficiently examined. This study examined whether anxiety in late pregnancy constituted a distinct multidimensional psychological construct using a theory-driven psychometric approach. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 280 women in late pregnancy between 28 and 40 weeks of gestation. A structured self-report instrument was developed through conceptual analysis and expert review, and its latent factor structure was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis within a structural equation modeling framework. The analysis supported a three-domain multidimensional structure encompassing childbirth-related anxiety, fetal health anxiety, and maternal mental readiness and self-confidence. The model demonstrated acceptable overall fit (χ²/df = 3.15; RMSEA = 0.088; CFI = 0.97; TLI = 0.96), with all indicators loading significantly on their respective latent dimensions (standardized loadings ≈ 0.94–1.01). These findings indicated that anxiety in late pregnancy represented a distinct multidimensional construct, supporting dimension-specific assessment in antenatal and perinatal mental health research.
Development and Pilot Testing of a Childbirth Readiness Questionnaire (CRQ) for Third-Trimester Pregnant Women In Indonesia Jannah, Nurul; Selvarajh, Gunavathy
International Journal of Public Health Excellence (IJPHE) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): January-May
Publisher : PT Inovasi Pratama Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55299/ijphe.v5i2.1739

Abstract

Childbirth readiness is a multidimensional construct encompassing physical, psychological, social, and spiritual preparedness, yet contextually appropriate instruments for Indonesian pregnant women remain limited. This study aimed to develop and pilot test the Childbirth Readiness Questionnaire (CRQ) for third-trimester pregnant women in Indonesia. A methodological pilot design was employed, including expert review (n = 5) and field testing with 110 pregnant women. Content validity was evaluated using the Item Content Validity Index (I-CVI), while preliminary construct performance was examined through descriptive statistics and corrected item–total correlations. Internal consistency reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. All nine items demonstrated acceptable content validity (I-CVI ≥ 0.80) and adequate item–total correlations (r = 0.34–0.61). The overall scale showed satisfactory internal consistency (α = 0.82). Dimension-level descriptive scores supported the conceptual structure of physical–cognitive, psychological–spiritual, and social support readiness. These findings indicate that the CRQ has promising preliminary psychometric properties and is feasible for assessing childbirth readiness among Indonesian third-trimester pregnant women. Further validation with larger and more diverse samples is required to confirm its factorial structure and generalizability
Development of the Third-trimester Pregnancy Knowledge Questionnaire (TPKQ): A Pilot Study Jannah, Nurul; Selvarajh, Gunavathy
International Journal of Public Health Excellence (IJPHE) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): January-May
Publisher : PT Inovasi Pratama Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55299/ijphe.v5i2.1740

Abstract

Background: Maternal knowledge during the third trimester is critical for timely care-seeking and preparation for childbirth, yet standardized instruments specific to this phase remain limited. Objective: This study aimed to develop and pilot test the Third-trimester Pregnancy Knowledge Questionnaire (TPKQ). Methods: A methodological pilot study involved four experts and 110 third-trimester pregnant women. Items were derived from literature and organized into four dimensions: danger signs and care-seeking, birth preparation and delivery planning, preventive care before birth, and maternal conditions affecting labor outcomes. Content validity was assessed using Item and Scale Content Validity Indexes, response-based validity via corrected item–total correlations, and internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha. Results: The TPKQ includes 10 multiple-choice items with dichotomous scoring. All items showed acceptable content validity (I-CVI = 0.75–1.00; S-CVI/Ave = 0.93), adequate discrimination (r = 0.36–0.46), and good reliability (α = 0.81). Dimension scores suggested higher knowledge of danger signs and lower knowledge of preventive care. Conclusion: The TPKQ demonstrates preliminary validity and reliability
Co-Authors Nurul Jannah