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All Journal International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Siahaan, Samuel Jefri Saputra
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Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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Optimizing parameter selection in bidirectional encoder portrayal for transformers algorithm using particle swarm optimization for artificial intelligence generate essay detection Prasetyo, Tegar Arifin; Chandra, Rudy; Siagian, Wesly Mailander; Siregar, Horas Marolop Amsal; Siahaan, Samuel Jefri Saputra
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 15, No 6: December 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v15i6.pp5543-5554

Abstract

This research proposes a novel method for detecting artificial intelligence (AI)-generated essays by integrating the bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) model with particle swarm optimization (PSO). Unlike traditional approaches that rely on manual hyperparameter tuning, this study introduces a systematic optimization technique using PSO to improve BERT’s performance in identifying AI-generated content. The key problem addressed is the lack of effective, real-time detection systems that preserve academic integrity amidst rapid AI advancements. This optimization enhances the model’s detection accuracy and operational efficiency. The research dataset consisted of 46,246 essays, which, after data cleaning, were refined to 44,868. The model was then tested on 9,250 essays. Initial evaluations showed BERT's accuracy ranging from 83% to 94%. After being optimized with PSO, the model achieved an accuracy of 98%, an F1-score of 98.31%, precision of 97.75%, and recall of 98.87%. The model was deployed using a FastAPI-based web interface, enabling real-time detection and providing users with an efficient way to quickly verify text authenticity. This research contributes a scalable, automated solution for AI-generated text detection and offers promising implications for its application in various academic and digital content verification contexts.
Co-Authors Prasetyo, Tegar Rudy Chandra SIAGIAN, WESLY MAILANDER Siregar, Horas Marolop Amsal