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POLA BAKTERI PENYEBAB INFEKSI DAERAH OPERASI DAN KEPEKAAN TERHADAP ANTIBIOTIK DI RSUD WALED Indrakusuma, Moh Erwin; Ladala, Evan Wahyudi; Kurniasih, Camelia
InaBHS (Indonesian Journal of Biomedicine and Health Science) Vol 4 No 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Biomedicine and Health Science
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran UGJ Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33603/inabhs.v4i1.10808

Abstract

POLA BAKTERI PENYEBAB INFEKSI DAERAH OPERASI DAN KEPEKAAN TERHADAP ANTIBIOTIK DI RSUD WALEDMohamad Erwin Indrakusuma1, Evan Wahyudy Ladala2, Camelia Kurniasih31Departemen Parasitologi, Imunologi dan Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati, 2Departemen Ilmu Bedah Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati, 3Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jatierwin96mikro@gmail.com ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Infeksi daerah operasi (IDO) merupakan infeksi yang terjadi pada daerah insisi (daerah operasi dalam waktu 30 hari pasca bedah). Angka kejadian IDO berada di urutan kedua sebagai penyebab dari infeksi nosokomial dan menyebabkan terjadinya peningkatan morbiditas dan mortalitas. Angka kejadian sebanyak 2-20 %. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran pola bakteri penyebab infeksi daerah operasi dan kepekaan terhadap antibiotik. Metode: Penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara retrospektif dengan mengumpulkan data rekam medik. Penentuan pola resistensi bakteri didapatkan berdasarkan panel uji antibiotik pada pemeriksaan kultur dan uji kepekaan antibiotik. Cara pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode Total sampling. Analisis data univariat menggunakan WHO net 2023 dan analisis data bivariat menggunakan uji Chi Square. Hasil: Pada bakteri Gram (-); Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae dan bakteri Gram (+); Staphylococcus auereus. Pola kepekaan antibiotik memiliki Susceptibility tertinggi; Meropenem (Escherichia coli); Amikacin, Linezolid dan Quinupristin/Dalfopristin (Staphylococcus aureus); Imipenem (Klebsiella pneumoniae). Profil potensi antibiotik memiliki Susceptibility tertinggi, Bakteri Gram (+); Amikacin, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, Clindamycin, rifampin, Tigecycline, Vancomycin, Linezolid, Meropenem, Ertapenem, dan Piperacillin/Tazobactam. Bakteri Gram (-); Piperacillin/Tazobactam, Levofloxacin, Tigecycline, Meropenem, Ertapenem, Amikacin, Tetracycline, dan Quinupristin/Dalfopristin. Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara pola bakteri penyebab infeksi daerah operasi dan kriteria infeksi daerah operasi dengan p-value sebesar 0.019 (<0.05). Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara pola bakteri penyebab infeksi daerah operasi dan kriteria infeksi daerah operasi. Kata Kunci: Infeksi daerah operasi, Pola bakteri infeksi daerah operasi, kepekaan antibiotik. ABSTRACK Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is an infection that occurs at the incision site (surgical area within 30 days post-surgery). The incidence of SSIs ranks second as a cause of nosocomial infections and leads to increased morbidity and mortality. The incidence rate is 2-2. Objective: To determine the pattern of bacteria causing surgical site infection and antibiotic susceptibility. Method: Analytic observational research with a cross-sectional approach. Data collection was done retrospectively by collecting medical record data. Determination of bacterial resistance patterns was obtained based on antibiotic test panels in culture examination and antibiotic sensitivity tests. The sampling method used total sampling method. Univariate data analysis using WHO net 2023 and bivariate data analysis using Chi Square test. Results: On Gram (-) bacteria; Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Gram (+) bacteria; Staphylococcus auereus. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern had the highest Susceptibility; Meropenem (Escherichia coli); Amikacin, Linezolid and Quinupristin/Dalfopristin (Staphylococcus aureus); Imipenem (Klebsiella pneumoniae). Antibiotic potency profiles had the highest Susceptibility, Gram (+) bacteria; Amikacin, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, Clindamycin, rifampin, Tigecycline, Vancomycin, Linezolid, Meropenem, Ertapenem, and Piperacillin/Tazobactam. Gram (-) bacteria; Piperacillin/Tazobactam, Levofloxacin, Tigecycline, Meropenem, Ertapenem, Amikacin, Tetracycline, and Quinupristin/Dalfopristin. There was a significant relationship between the bacterial pattern causing surgical site infection and the criteria for surgical site infection with a p-value of 0.019 (<0.05). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between bacterial patterns causing surgical site infection with criteria for surgical site infection. Keywords: Surgical site infection , Bacterial pattern of surgical site infection, antibiotic susceptibility
Karakteristik Klinis dan Profil Kepekaan Antibiotik dari Isolat Klinis Pasien dengan Infeksi Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) di Rumah Sakit Daerah (RSD) Gunung Jati Kota Cirebon Indrakusuma, Moh Erwin
Tunas Medika Jurnal Kedokteran & Kesehatan Vol 12 No 1 (2026): TUNAS MEDIKA JURNAL KEDOKTERAN & KESEHATAN
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran UGJ Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Abstrak Latar Belakang : Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) merupakan patogen prioritas global yang berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan mortalitas, lama rawat inap, serta biaya perawatan akibat terbatasnya pilihan terapi antibiotik efektif. Data epidemiologi dan pola kepekaan antibiotik MRSA lokal masih terbatas di wilayah Cirebon. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis karakteristik klinis infeksi MRSA serta profil kepekaan antibiotik pada isolat klinis di Rumah Sakit Daerah Gunung Jati Kota Cirebon. Metode : Desain penelitian deskriptif potong lintang dengan data sekunder hasil identifikasi bakteri dan uji kepekaan antibiotik pada isolat Staphylococcus aureus periode Januari 2022–Oktober 2025. Identifikasi patogen dan pengujian minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) dilakukan menggunakan sistem otomatisasi VITEK-2 Compact dengan metode broth microdilution sesuai standar Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2025. Analisis antibiogram dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak WHONET 2025 dengan pendekatan first isolate only. Hasil dan Pembahasan : Dari 282 isolat S. aureus, sebanyak 56 isolat (19,86%) merupakan MRSA. Isolat MRSA paling sering ditemukan pada spesimen darah, pus, dan jaringan, dengan diagnosis klinis terbanyak berupa sepsis (32,14%) dan infeksi kulit serta jaringan lunak (21,43%). Antibiotik dengan tingkat sensitivitas tertinggi adalah nitrofurantoin (100%), linezolid (96,6%), vancomycin (96,6%), tigecycline (94,8%), rifampicin (89,8%), dan quinupristin/dalfopristin (89,7%). Beberapa antibiotik lain menunjukkan sensitivitas <70%, termasuk gentamicin, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, dan tetracycline. Analisis overall antibiotic susceptibility menunjukkan kombinasi gentamicin dan trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole memiliki probabilitas sensitivitas tertinggi (89,48%) sebagai alternatif terapi ketika antibiotik anti-MRSA utama tidak tersedia. Simpulan : Antibiotik pilihan pada infeksi MRSA adalah Nitrofurantoin (spesifik urine), Linezolid, Vancomycin, Tigecyclin, Rifampicin dan Quinpristin/dalfopristin dg alternatif kombinasi adalah Gentamycin + Trimetoprim sulfametoxazole. Kata kunci: MRSA, antibiogram, resistensi antibiotik, Staphylococcus aureus Abstract Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a global priority pathogen associated with increased mortality, prolonged hospitalization, and higher healthcare costs due to limited effective antimicrobial therapy. Local epidemiological data and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of MRSA remain limited in the Cirebon region. This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics of MRSA infections and the antibiotic susceptibility profile of clinical isolates at Gunung Jati Regional Hospital, Cirebon. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Staphylococcus aureus isolates collected between January 2022 and October 2025. Pathogen identification and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing were performed using the VITEK-2 Compact automated system with the broth microdilution method in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2025 guidelines. Antibiogram analysis was performed using WHONET 2025 software applying the first isolate only approach. Results and Discussion: Among 282 S. aureus isolates, 56 (19.86%) were identified as MRSA. MRSA isolates were most frequently obtained from blood, pus, and tissue specimens. The most common clinical diagnoses were sepsis (32.14%) and skin and soft tissue infections (21.43%). Antibiotics demonstrating the highest susceptibility rates included nitrofurantoin (100%), linezolid (96.6%), vancomycin (96.6%), tigecycline (94.8%), rifampicin (89.8%), and quinupristin/dalfopristin (89.7%). Several antibiotics showed lower susceptibility (<70%), including gentamicin, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline. Analysis of overall antibiotic susceptibility indicated that the combination of gentamicin and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole provided the highest predicted sensitivity (89.48%) as an alternative therapeutic option when standard anti-MRSA agents are unavailable. Conclusion: The preferred antibiotics for MRSA infections include nitrofurantoin (for urinary infections), linezolid, vancomycin, tigecycline, rifampicin, and quinupristin/dalfopristin, while the combination of gentamicin and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole may serve as a potential alternative regimen. Keywords: MRSA, antibiogram, antibiotic resistance, Staphylococcus aureus