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All Journal Disaster in Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abanire, Michael Oluwagbenga
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Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Earth & Planetary Sciences Engineering Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Development of Arduino Based Intelligent Traffic Control System for Intersections in Akure, Nigeria Bolaji, Reuben Ayodeji; Aderinola, Olumuyiwa Samson; Oladipo, Moses Ariyo; Oguntelure, Temitope Elizabeth; Abanire, Michael Oluwagbenga; Bolaji, Joshua Imoleayo
Disaster in Civil Engineering and Architecture Vol. 2 No. 2: October 2025
Publisher : Popular Scientist

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70028/dcea.v2i2.57

Abstract

Traffic congestion at urban intersections remains a major challenge, causing delays, fuel waste, economic losses, and environmental pollution. Conventional traffic control systems are limited by fixed signal timing and their inability to adapt to real-time traffic demand. This study proposes an Arduino-based Intelligent Traffic Control System (ITCS) that integrates infrared sensors with Arduino Uno microcontroller to detect actual vehicle flow and adaptively allocate right of way. Applied to the Araromi intersection, simulation results showed that the ITCS introduced two key innovations of gapping out and maxing out. Unnecessary delays on low-demand approaches during off-peak periods were eliminated, while green times were extended till maximum only when queued vehicles were detected during peak hours. These features ensured efficient traffic discharge and reduced congestion. The optimized signal cycle was 80 seconds, with the main street (east–west approaches) operating on green, red, and amber times of 40, 35, and 5 seconds, respectively, while the minor street (north approach) operated on 30, 45, and 5 seconds, respectively. The findings indicated that reducing unnecessary waiting times significantly lowers fuel consumption, emissions, and economic costs. Moreover, cost analysis revealed that the ITCS can be implemented with a low budget, making it scalable for other intersections and adaptable to developing countries. By combining affordability, adaptability, and environmentally friendly operation, the proposed ITCS offers a practical and innovative solution for improving urban traffic management.
Design of an Efficient Traffic Control Signal Using Webster’s Model: A Case Study of Akure, Nigeria Bolaji, Reuben Ayodeji; Aderinola, Olumuyiwa Samson; Oladipo, Moses Ariyo; Oguntelure, Temitope Elizabeth; Abanire, Michael Oluwagbenga
Disaster in Civil Engineering and Architecture Vol. 3 No. 1: April 2026 (in press)
Publisher : Popular Scientist

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70028/dcea.v3i1.70

Abstract

The fast growth of cities and the increase in automobile usage have made important junctions more congested. This study employs the Webster model to design an efficient traffic signal for Araromi intersection in Akure, Nigeria, using the site traffic data. Results of field observations showed that passenger cars formed the dominant vehicle category, while the observed peak hour (7:45-8:45 AM) recorded a passenger car unit (PCU) of 6505 and a peak flow rate of 6920 pcu/hr. The critical flow ratio of 0.736 confirms that the intersection remains within capacity and the geometry is sufficient. The peak hour factor of 0.94 also indicates that a reliable and efficient signal control system can be effectively implemented at the intersection. The west approach contributed 41% of the total traffic, justifying its longer green interval, followed by the east (35%) and north (24%) approaches. The optimized signal design resulted in a cycle length of 110 seconds. Within this cycle, phases 1, 2, and 3 received 35, 32, and 28 seconds of effective green time, respectively, along with 4 seconds yellow interval for each phase. The signal achieved Level of Service (LOS) C on all approaches, with control delays of 29.94, 31.95, and 32.55 secs/veh, and a volume-to-capacity ratio below 1, indicating stable operations within capacity. This validates the efficiency of the Webster-based signal design and possible improvements in the performance of the intersection when implemented in pretimed or vehicle actuated traffic control systems. These findings provide a practical template for similar urban intersections in the implementation of efficient traffic signals.
Co-Authors Aderinola, Olumuyiwa Samson Bolaji, Joshua Imoleayo Bolaji, Reuben Ayodeji Oguntelure, Temitope Elizabeth Oladipo, Moses Ariyo