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Mengurangi Ketergantungan Impor Pakan Ikan melalui Insentif Inovasi: Rekomendasi Kebijakan untuk Sektor Perikanan Budi Daya yang Berkelanjutan: Reducing Fish Feed Import Dependency through Innovation Incentives: A Policy Recommendation for a Sustainable Aquaculture Sector Naf'an, Wazir
JFMR (Journal of Fisheries and Marine Research) Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025): JFMR on November
Publisher : Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jfmr.2025.009.03.5

Abstract

Tingginya biaya pakan ikan, yang disebabkan oleh ketergantungan impor bahan baku hingga 89%, menjadi hambatan utama bagi keberlanjutan sektor perikanan budi daya di Indonesia. Volatilitas harga pakan pabrikan secara langsung mengancam profitabilitas pembudidaya skala kecil. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis USG (Urgency, Seriousness, Growth) untuk mengidentifikasi masalah prioritas dan mengevaluasi empat alternatif kebijakan berdasarkan kerangka Bardach, yang mencakup kriteria ekonomi, sosial, politik, dan kelayakan teknis. Analisis USG mengidentifikasi volatilitas harga pakan pabrikan sebagai masalah paling mendesak (skor: 15/15). Evaluasi kebijakan menunjukkan bahwa pemberian insentif fiskal untuk inovasi produksi pakan berbasis bahan baku lokal merupakan solusi paling layak (skor: 17/20), karena mendorong transformasi struktural menuju kemandirian pakan, bukan hanya mengatasi gejala jangka pendek. Kebijakan ini selaras dengan Teori Strategic Entrepreneurship, yang mendorong eksplorasi inovasi dan pemanfaatan sumber daya lokal. Artikel ini merekomendasikan agar Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan menerbitkan Peraturan Menteri yang mengatur insentif pajak dan subsidi riset bagi produsen pakan, lembaga riset, dan kelompok pembudidaya. Dukungan kolaborasi lintas lembaga dan penerapan standar CPPIB akan memastikan efektivitas kebijakan dalam menurunkan biaya produksi, meningkatkan profitabilitas pembudidaya, serta mendukung pencapaian target nasional seperti RPJMN 2025–2029 dan program Makan Bergizi Gratis.   High fish feed costs, driven by an 89% dependency on imported raw materials, pose a major obstacle to the sustainability of Indonesia's aquaculture sector. The volatility of commercial feed prices directly threatens the profitability of small-scale fish farmers. This study employs a USG (Urgency, Seriousness, Growth) analysis to identify the most pressing issue and evaluates four policy alternatives using Bardach’s framework, which considers economic, social, political, and technical feasibility criteria. The USG analysis identifies the volatility of commercial feed prices as the most critical problem (score: 15/15). Policy evaluation reveals that providing fiscal incentives for innovation in locally-based feed production is the most viable solution (score: 17/20), as it promotes structural transformation toward feed self-sufficiency rather than merely addressing short-term symptoms. This policy aligns with the theory of Strategic Entrepreneurship, which encourages the exploration of innovation and the utilization of local resources. This paper recommends that the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries issue a Ministerial Regulation to establish tax incentives and research subsidies for feed producers, research institutions, and farming groups. Cross-institutional collaboration and the implementation of Good Practice Feed Manufacturing (CPPIB) standards will ensure the policy’s effectiveness in reducing production costs, improving farmers' profitability, and supporting the achievement of national targets such as the RPJMN 2025–2029 and the Free Nutritious Meal program.