<![CDATA[Chronic illnesses such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease continue to pose major global health challenges due to persistent treatment nonadherence. Although biomedical interventions have improved, many patients still struggle to follow treatment plans, leading to worsening health conditions, higher healthcare costs, and reduced quality of life. This study examines health psychology approaches to improving treatment adherence among patients with chronic illnesses using a qualitative method to understand their experiences, perceptions, and behavior. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with purposively selected patients, and thematic analysis was used to explore psychological, social, and cultural factors affecting adherence. The results show that adherence is strongly shaped by self-efficacy, coping mechanisms, emotional well-being, and health literacy. Social support from family and community, together with culturally sensitive approaches that respect patient beliefs, also influences adherence. Interventions rooted in health psychology, including counseling, motivational interviewing, and patient-centered education, were effective when tailored to patient needs and aimed at building trust and empowerment. The study emphasizes that treatment adherence is not only a biomedical issue but a complex interaction of cognitive, emotional, social, and cultural elements. Healthcare providers and policymakers are encouraged to adopt biopsychosocial and culturally competent strategies to strengthen adherence and improve long-term outcomes.]]>
