<![CDATA[In 2016, Zarizana Abdul Aziz and Janine Moussa developed the ‘Due Diligence Framework of States Responsibility in the Elimination of Violence against Women (VAW)’, based on a study their team conducted worldwide beginning in 2011. The framework establishes five domains of due diligence in assessing states responsibility (the “5Ps”) in eliminating VAW: prevention; protection; prosecution; punishment of perpetrators, and provision of redress and reparation for victims/survivors. States are responsible to uphold human rights protection for all people, particularly in eliminating VAW without any discrimination. Indonesia constituted protection measures through laws pertaining to VAW but there are barriers in effectively protecting victims and punishing perpetrators of VAW. The due diligence human rights framework are highly useful in evaluating how states have taken the responsibility to prevent VAW, offer protection against it through policy, legislation, prosecution and punishment and provide support and compensation for victims. In the case of Indonesia, providing protection and punishment against VAW remain two critical areas that the government must pay attention to eradicate VAW. This article aims to critically assess forms of protection and punishment that the state has developed and enforced towards the elimination of VAW. It does so by critically and systematically reviewing documented legal, policy and case materials pertaining to violence against women, generally, and to more specific forms of VAW. This review will yield critical information and analyses of the achievement and limitation of state responses to VAW so that more targeted strategies can be planned to fulfill the state responsibility.]]>
