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All Journal Indonesian Journal Health Science and Medicine House of Wisdom: Journal on Library and Information Sciences
Allami , Mohammed S.
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Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary

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Nano-Structured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) as a Novel Nanotechnological Strategy for Improving the Oral Drug Bioavailability Thamer, Saad M.; Allami , Mohammed S.
House of Wisdom: Journal on Library and Information Sciences Vol. 2 No. 4: Desember
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/how.v2i4.269

Abstract

General Background Nanotechnology has transformed pharmaceutical science by enabling nanoscale delivery systems that overcome major limitations in conventional oral drug administration, including poor solubility, instability, and extensive first-pass metabolism. Specific Background Among lipid-based nanocarriers, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have emerged as a second-generation advancement over solid lipid nanoparticles due to their mixed solid–liquid lipid matrix. Knowledge Gap Despite extensive research, the mechanisms by which NLCs enhance oral bioavailability and their comparative advantages across formulation techniques remain insufficiently synthesized. Aims This work consolidates current evidence on the structure, preparation, stability, and functional performance of NLCs as oral drug delivery systems. Results The review indicates that the imperfect or amorphous NLC matrix increases drug loading, modulates release kinetics, improves physicochemical stability, reduces required surfactant concentrations, and promotes lymphatic uptake while attenuating P-glycoprotein efflux. Novelty By integrating mechanistic, formulation, and biopharmaceutical insights, this synthesis highlights the multidimensional superiority of NLCs in enhancing the oral absorption of poorly soluble and labile drugs. Implications NLCs represent a promising platform for next-generation oral therapeutics, with potential to improve clinical efficacy, reduce dosing frequency, and expand the applicability of challenging drug molecules despite remaining manufacturing and regulatory hurdles.Highlight : NLCs provide higher drug loading and reduce crystallization-related leakage. Their small particle size and lipid composition enhance oral absorption and lymphatic uptake. Scalable manufacturing methods support consistent, controlled drug release. Keywords : Nanotechnology, Oral Drug Delivery, Lipid-Based Nanocarriers, Nanostructured Lipid Carriers, Bioavailability
Ionic Liquids in Pharmaceutics: Biocompatibility, Physicochemical Properties, and Applications of API-ILs in Modern Drug Delivery Systems Abdulnabi, Shams A.; Allami , Mohammed S.
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i3.308

Abstract

General Background: Ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as highly versatile solvent systems distinguished by tunable physicochemical properties, negligible vapor pressure, and broad solvation capacity, positioning them as promising alternatives to conventional organic solvents in pharmaceutical science. Specific Background: Increasing proportions of drug candidates exhibit poor aqueous solubility, polymorphic instability, and limited bioavailability, challenges that hinder formulation efficiency and therapeutic performance. Knowledge Gap: Although ILs have been widely explored as green solvents and catalysts, their potential as active pharmaceutical ingredient–ionic liquids (API-ILs) remains insufficiently characterized, particularly regarding biocompatibility, pharmacokinetics, and translational feasibility. Aims: This review synthesizes current advances in IL design, physicochemical behavior, and biomedical applications, with a focus on API-ILs as emerging platforms for drug delivery and solubility enhancement. Results: Evidence shows that ILs can significantly improve solubility, permeability, stability, and crystalline behavior of diverse APIs, while certain API-ILs exhibit dual pharmacological activity and enhanced antimicrobial or transdermal performance. Novelty: The work consolidates the evolution of IL generations, mechanochemical synthesis strategies, and structure–activity relationships governing their pharmaceutical utility. Implications: API-ILs represent a transformative approach for overcoming long-standing formulation barriers, underscoring the need for expanded in vivo studies to validate their safety, biocompatibility, and therapeutic potential in modern drug-delivery systems.Highlight : API-ILs address solubility, bioavailability, and polymorphism issues in poorly water-soluble drugs. Ionic liquids offer tunable physicochemical properties that support improved drug delivery and stability. Biocompatible ILs provide greener alternatives for synthesis while enhancing permeability and therapeutic performance. Keywords : Ionic liquids (ILs), API-ILs, Dissolution, Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs, Drug Development
Co-Authors Abdulnabi, Shams A. Thamer, Saad M.