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Mohammed, Ahmed A.
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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

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Adsorptive Removal of Cd(II) Ions using Core-Shell Polystyrene@NiFeAl-LDH Nanocomposite: Optimization, Isotherm, and Kinetics Study Raheem, Shahad A.; Mohammed, Ahmed A.
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2026: BCREC Volume 21 Issue 1 Year 2026 (April 2026)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20528

Abstract

In this study, a core-shell nanocomposite was successfully prepared using NiAlFe-LDH as a core coated with polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles with an LDH:PS ratio of 3:1 (PS @NiAlFe-LDH) for the removal of cadmium (Cd2+) from aqueous solutions. PS nanospheres were prepared from styrene monomer recovered from Styrofoam waste. The prepared PS@NiAlFe-LDH was characterized for its structural morphology, elemental composition, surface area, and pore morphology. Results indicated the successful formation of PS nanosphers core coated by platelet LDH shell and a successful adsorption of Cd2+ ions. The maximum adsorption efficiency (95.53%) was achieved under the optimal conditions: pH of 6, PS@NiAlFe-LDH dosage of 0.15 g/100 mL, shaking speed of 200 rpm, and an initial Cd2+ concentration of 100 mg/L at a 90-minute contact time. Langmuir isotherm model was the most accurate in describing the adsorption process with a maximum adsorption capacity of 227.273 mg/g. The pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetics model described the adsorption behaviour of cadmium ions on PS@NiAlFe-LDH surface as the calculated values from the model were close to the experimental values. The adsorption mechanism was a combination of electrostatic attraction, surface complexation/ion exchange and internal diffusion within the pores. PS@NiAlFe-LDH demonstrated significant reusability, with an efficiency of 57.56% after six regeneration cycles. In conclusion, this study indicates that PS@NiAlFe-LDH nanocomposite exhibits high quality and excellent efficiency in removing cadmium ions from aqueous solutions, owing to its porosity and abundance of active groups on its surface, as well as structural stability after adsorption, which makes it a promising material for environmental remediation applications. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Efficient Adsorption of Tetracycline from Aqueous Solution onto Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Isotherm, Kinetic, Regeneration and Thermodynamic Studies Abd Almajeed, Zahraa A.; Mohammed, Ahmed A.
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2026: BCREC Volume 21 Issue 2 Year 2026 (August 2026)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20555

Abstract

The extracts of the bio-wastes produce from agricultural wastes and plants have been used for the sustainability, eco-friendly and economic synthesis of different metallic nanoparticles. The present study has proposed synthesizing zinc oxide particles (ZnO) by a green chemistry route using waste tea leaves extract to sequestrate tetracycline antibiotic (TEC) from wastewater. The prepared ZnO NPs were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transfrom InfraRed (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, and through the determination of pHpzc.  The surface of the ZnO exhibits a highly heterogeneous texture with irregular, aggregated particles and rough surfaces with a BET surface area of 41.7 m²/g. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted, and the results showed that the prepared ZnO NPs could effectively adsorb > 95% of TEC from wastewater at the optimal conditions (pH of 5.5, shaking speed 200 rpm, adsorbent dosage 400 mg/100 ml, temperature 298 K, and 100 ppm initial TEC concentration at 120 min contact time). The kinetics of the adsorption describes well by Pseudo-second order model with a K2 value of 0.004 g/mg-min for a TEC concentration of 100 mg/L, while the mechanism was controlled by external mass transfer and intra-particle diffusion. Langmuir model fitted well the equilibrium adsorption data with a maximum adsorption capacity of 110.56 mg/g, and this provides evidence of a monolayer adsorption phenomenon. Negative ∆H° and ∆G° were indicative of an exothermic and spontaneous nature. Finally, the synthesized ZnO NPs also exhibited good regeneration potential, with only a 31% reduction in efficiency was noticed after five regeneration-adsorption cycles. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Co-Authors Abd Almajeed, Zahraa A. Raheem, Shahad A.