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All Journal Global Forest Journal Forest and Nature
Alkhadi
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Variation of Chemical Components in Bintangur (Callophyllum inophyllum) Wood along Stem Position and Its Potential Industrial Uses Yanti, Hikma; Alkhadi; Dirhamsyah, Muhammad; Yani, Ahmad
Forest and Nature Vol. 1 No. 4 (2025): October
Publisher : Green Insight Solutions

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63357/fornature.v1i4.29

Abstract

This study investigates the axial variation of major chemical constituents in bintangur wood (Calophyllum inophyllum), a species native to Indonesian peat forests, with emphasis on its industrial applicability. Wood samples were collected from three stem positions—base, middle, and top—to quantify extractives, holocellulose, alpha-cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin content using the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) standard methods. The results revealed a notable chemical gradient along the tree axis. Holocellulose (65.76–72.28%) and alpha-cellulose (44.56–49.61%) increased toward the upper stem, indicating enhanced suitability for pulp, paper, and bioethanol conversion at the tip region. In contrast, ethanol-benzene extractives peaked at the middle (7.26%) and declined at the tip (4.52%), while lignin exhibited a non-linear pattern, ranging between 25.47–28.64%. The moderate lignin content supports potential applications for charcoal, adhesives, phenolic derivatives, vanillin synthesis, and engineered wood products. Meanwhile, the relatively high extractive fraction suggests additional prospects for natural preservatives, essential oils, dye sources, and marine-grade timber. Overall, the distinct axial variability in chemical composition highlights the importance of stem-position-based processing optimization and demonstrates the feasibility of bintangur as a versatile raw material for biorefinery-based utilization. These findings provide baseline knowledge supporting future industrial development and valorization strategies for this under-exploited tropical hardwood.
Anti-termite and anti-fungal activity test of ethanolic extract of Melastoma malabathricum leaves Hikma Yanti; Yeni Mariani; Fathul Yusro; Alkhadi
Global Forest Journal. Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Global Forest Journal
Publisher : Talenta Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/gfj.v4i1.23363

Abstract

Wood damage caused by the ground termite Coptotermes curvignathus and the rotting fungus Schizophyllum commune is a major problem in the tropics. This study aims to evaluate the anti-termite and anti-fungal activity of the ethanol extract of Melastoma malabathricum leaves as a natural wood preservative. Extraction was carried out by the maceration method, and the extracts were tested at 2–10% concentration using a Complete Random Design with three replicates. Termite mortality and weight loss of the test paper were observed for 21 days, while inhibition of fungal growth was observed for 7 days. Data were statistically analyzed using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test and the Pairwise Comparisons follow-up test with Bonferroni correction at 95% confidence level (p<0.05). The results showed that extract concentration significantly increased termite mortality (p = 0.005) and anti-fungal activity (p = 0.006). However, the treatment had no significant effect on test paper weight loss (p = 0.072). The 10% concentration resulted in the highest termite mortality (36.36%) and the highest anti-fungal activity (88.23%), and was the only treatment to show a statistically significant difference compared with the control. Based on follow-up test results, a 10% concentration is recommended as optimal due to its clear effectiveness in providing biological protection. These results show that the ethanol extract of Melastoma malabathricum leaves has the potential to serve as an environmentally friendly natural wood preservative
Co-Authors ahmad yani Dirhamsyah, Muhammad Fathul Yusro Hikma Yanti Yanti Hikma Yeni Mariani