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All Journal Jurnal Ilmiah Edunomika (JIE) Journal of Educational Management Research
Nanlohy, Donasius Sagita
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Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Social Sciences

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LEADERSHIP 4.0 IN DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR: A COMPARATIVE MULTI-CASE STUDY OF PT UNILEVER INDONESIA TBK AND PT INDOFOOD CBP Nanlohy, Donasius Sagita
JURNAL ILMIAH EDUNOMIKA Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): EDUNOMIKA
Publisher : ITB AAS Indonesia Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29040/jie.v9i4.18630

Abstract

Digital transformation in the manufacturing sector requires a new form of leadership capable of integrating technology, people, and organizational processes in adaptive and synergistic ways. This study aims to analyze the patterns of Leadership 4.0 applied within the digital transformation processes of two major FMCG manufacturing companies in Indonesia, PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk and PT Indofood CBP. The research employs a qualitative approach using a comparative multi-case study design based on publicly available documentary sources, including annual reports, sustainability reports, official corporate publications, and credible business media articles. Data were collected through systematic document analysis and examined using content analysis, pattern matching, and cross-case synthesis to identify convergent and divergent characteristics of digital leadership practices across both cases. The findings show that Unilever adopts a Leadership 4.0 approach characterized by innovation-driven initiatives, sustainability integration, and structured digital capability development for employees. In contrast, Indofood applies a more efficiency-oriented leadership approach, focusing on operational stability, supply chain digitalization, and gradual implementation of digital technologies to enhance productivity. The comparative analysis reveals that differences in organizational culture, digital vision, and technology maturity significantly influence the forms and depth of Leadership 4.0 implementation within each company. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on digital leadership in the Indonesian manufacturing sector while providing practical insights for FMCG organizations navigating the complexities of digital transformation. Keywords : digital leadership, industry 4.0, leadership 4.0, manufacturing, digital transformation
From Compliance to Competitive Advantage: Driving Sustainability Transformation in Indonesia’s Manufacturing Sector Nanlohy, Donasius Sagita; Evi, Tiolina
Journal of Educational Management Research Vol. 5 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Al-Qalam Institue

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61987/jemr.v5i3.2101

Abstract

This study aims to develop an integrative framework explaining how PESTEL dynamics and dynamic capabilities drive sustainability transformation in Indonesia’s manufacturing sector. Sustainability has become a strategic imperative due to escalating environmental crises and increasing global pressure on industries to align economic growth with ecological boundaries. However, a persistent gap remains between macro-level sustainability policies and their practical implementation, particularly in emerging economies characterized by institutional complexity and resource constraints. This research adopts a conceptual design using systematic literature scoping from major databases between 2021 and 2025 to ensure contemporary relevance. The analysis employs an inductive–deductive approach through theory mapping, construct refinement, and integration to synthesize a coherent framework. The findings reveal that PESTEL functions as an interconnected system rather than isolated factors, creating multidimensional pressures on firms. Organizational responses are heterogeneous, shaped by internal interpretive capacities rather than external forces alone. Dynamic capability acts as a strategic mediator through sensing, seizing, and transforming processes that enable firms to convert constraints into opportunities. Sustainability paradoxes further complicate decision-making and influence strategic outcomes. This study contributes theoretically by bridging macro and micro perspectives while offering practical guidance for managers and policymakers. Future research should empirically test the framework across sectors.
Co-Authors Tiolina Evi