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Beyond a simple filter: transient and steady state analysis of first-order resistor-resistor-capacitor circuits Djelaila, Soumia; Abderrazak Tadjeddine, Ali; Ilyas Bendjillali, Ridha; Sofiane Bendelhoum, Mohammed
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 14, No 6: December 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v14i6.10166

Abstract

This paper presents a quantitative analysis of a first-order resistor-resistor-capacitor (RRC) circuit, detailing its transient, steady state, and frequency-domain behaviors through computational modeling. The study confirms that the circuit's time constant (τ) governs its dynamic response, with the capacitor charging to 63.2% of its final voltage in one τ. The key finding is the circuit's fundamental distinction from a simple resistor-capacitor (RC) filter: under a 100 V step excitation, the RRC topology stabilizes with a non-zero steady-state current of 0.35 A, following a controlled transient inrush of 1.0 A. Frequency analysis further characterizes the circuit as a stable low-pass filter with a predictable -20 dB/decade roll-off. This work elucidates a critical engineering trade-off, demonstrating that the RRC's components dually define its transient speed and its final steady state operating point, providing a quantitative framework for advanced power management and signal conditioning applications.
A framework for robust PID controller design: an optimization-based approach for inductive loads Tadjeddine, Ali Abderrazak; Kamline, Miloud; Smail, Latifa; Djelaila, Soumia; Reriballah, Hafidha
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) Vol 17, No 1: March 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i1.pp359-369

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive comparative study of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller tuning methodologies for inductive load applications across three representative scenarios. We systematically evaluate classical methods (Ziegler-Nichols, internal model control) against global optimization algorithms (genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO)) applied to resistor-resistor-inductor (RRL) circuit models. Results demonstrate that PSO achieves superior performance for moderate-to-slow systems, reducing settling time by 84% while completely eliminating overshoot compared to Ziegler-Nichols. The algorithm automatically discovers optimal PI controller structures, simplifying implementation. However, for ultra-fast systems (time constants < 1 ms), internal model control proves more reliable, achieving 0.84 ms settling with only 0.16% overshoot. Optimized controllers demonstrate exceptional robustness, maintaining stability under ±50% parameter variations and effectively rejecting disturbances. This research provides engineers with a scenario-based framework for method selection, moving beyond heuristic tuning to achieve previously unattainable performance levels. The findings establish optimization-based tuning as a systematic, reliable approach for high-performance control system design in industrial applications.