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All Journal Jurnal Biologi Tropis
Panjaitan, Ivonne Mona Selly
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology

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Antibacterial Effectiveness Test of Ethanol Extract of Torch Ginger (Etlingera elatior) Flower Against the Growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Simatupang, Steffanie Ruth; Panjaitan, Ivonne Mona Selly
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4a (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4a.10766

Abstract

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are becoming more common, which is a major worldwide health concern. The purpose of this study was to assess the antibacterial activity of Etlingera elatior (kecombrang flower) ethanolic extract against Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative E. coli. The Microbiology Laboratory at Universitas Advent Indonesia's Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences was the site of the experimental study. Using the disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton Agar medium, the extract was tested at three concentrations (30%, 40%, and 50%) after being made using the maceration process with 95% ethanol. As demonstrated by inhibitory zones at all doses, the ethanolic extract of E. elatior demonstrated antibacterial activity against both bacterial species. The inhibition zone diameters ranged from 8.95–10.70 mm for E. coli and 9.00–13.68 mm for S. aureus. Statistical analysis using One-Sample t-test confirmed that all treatments significantly inhibited bacterial growth (p < 0.05). Different extract concentrations had a significant effect on S. aureus (p = 0.003) but no significant effect on E. coli (p = 0.083), according to a one-way ANOVA. Because Gram-positive bacteria have simpler cell walls that facilitate the better penetration of bioactive substances like flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, our results show that Etlingera elatior extract has more antibacterial action against S. aureus than E. coli. For the creation of environmentally friendly phytopharmaceuticals, Etlingera elatior can be regarded as a promising natural antibacterial agent.
Antibacterial Activity of Red Algae Extract (Eucheuma cottonii) Against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis Bacteria Bongga, Andreas Lapu Dwitama; Panjaitan, Ivonne Mona Selly; Tobing, Joshua H. L.
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 2 (2026): April - Juni
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11997

Abstract

Acne is a frequent skin issue characterized by inflammation, linked to an overproduction of oil and the growth of bacteria, especially Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of red algae (Eucheuma cottonii) extract at concentrations of 25%, 35%, and 45% against these acne-causing bacteria. The extraction process utilized the maceration technique with 96% ethanol over a period of 72 hours. The evaluation of antibacterial activity was performed through the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion technique. The results demonstrated that all tested concentrations produced inhibition zones classified as moderate against both bacteria. The highest antibacterial activity was observed at the 45% concentration, with mean inhibition zones of 7.3 ± 0.87 mm for P. acnes and 8.2 ± 1.67 mm for S. epidermidis. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA indicated no significant differences in antibacterial activity among the tested concentrations for both P. acnes shown p value is .171 (p > 0.05) and S. epidermidis shown p value is .053 (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that E. cottonii extract possesses moderate antibacterial activity and has potential as a natural active ingredient for the development of anti-acne topical formulations, although increasing concentration within the tested range does not significantly enhance its effectiveness.
Co-Authors Bongga, Andreas Lapu Dwitama Joshua H. L. Tobing Simatupang, Steffanie Ruth