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All Journal Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia Journal of Public Health for Tropical and Coastal Region
Putri, Cita Fitria
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Public Health

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ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER NITRATE AND NITRITE EXPOSURE AMONG FARMERS IN COASTAL AREA OF REMBANG, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA Irawati, Septiria; Putri, Cita Fitria
Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia Vol 21, No 1 (2026): Vol 21 No. 1 Tahun 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26714/jkmi.21.1.2026.66-70

Abstract

Background: The increasing use of fertilizers and pesticides in agricultural areas maycontaminate groundwater with nitrate and nitrite, posing health risks. Objective: This study aimed to assess the health risk from nitrate and nitrite exposure through groundwater consumption among farmers in the coastal area of Rembang, Central Java. Methods: A crosssectional study was conducted in Gunungsari Village, Kaliori Subdistrict. Groundwater samples from seven households were analyzed using spectrophotometry and compared with national drinking water standards. Respondent characteristics were obtained through questionnaires, and Chronic Daily Intake (CDI) and Risk Quotient (RQ) were calculated for children and adults. Results: This study showed that nitrate concentrations were below the limit (10 mg/L), while one sample exceeded the nitrite standard (8 mg/L vs. 1 mg/L). CDI values ranged from 0.017–0.021 mg/kg/day in adults and 0.082 mg/kg/day in a child, all with RQ<1. Conclusion: Groundwater samples in the agricultural area of Rembang generally indicated no immediate health threat of nitrate and nitrite contamination. Suggestion: Continuous monitoring and community education are needed to prevent chronic exposure and potential long-term effects from endogenous nitrosation
Physical Environment and Its Influence on Asthenopia: A Cross-Sectional Study among Batik Artisans in Klaten Regency, Indonesia Putri, Cita Fitria; Astutik, Risa Septi; Setyaningsih, Yuliani
Journal of Public Health for Tropical and Coastal Region Vol 9, No 1 (2026): Journal of Public Health for Tropical and Coastal Region
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jphtcr.v9i1.29351

Abstract

Introduction: Asthenopia, or eye strain, is a prevalent issue among batik artisans in Klaten Regency, Indonesia, due to the visually demanding nature of their work and potentially suboptimal working conditions.Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated the influence of physical environmental factors, specifically lighting intensity, temperature, and humidity, on the occurrence of asthenopia symptoms among 155 female batik artisans. Data were collected through interviews using the Visual Fatigue Index questionnaire and environmental measurements.Results: Most participants (65.8%) experienced asthenopia symptoms, with an average score of 0.47 (SD ±0.15). The most common symptoms included watery eyes, stinging sensations, gritty feelings, difficulty focusing, and heavy sensations in the eyes. Spearman's rank correlation revealed a statistically significant association between ambient temperature and asthenopia complaints (p = 0.009), while no significant correlations were found for lighting intensity (p = 0.799) and humidity (p = 0.742). The average workplace temperature was 28.61°C (SD ±1.04), exceeding the recommended comfort range of 23–26°C. Although 81.9% of participants worked under lighting levels below the recommended 300 lx, this factor was not significantly associated with asthenopia.Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of improving thermal comfort in traditional batik workplaces to reduce visual strain among artisans. Further research employing longitudinal and objective methodologies is recommended to better understand the complex interplay between environmental and individual factors contributing to asthenopia in this population.
Co-Authors Astutik, Risa Septi Irawati, Septiria Yuliani Setyaningsih