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All Journal BAREKENG: Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan Jambura Journal of Biomathematics (JJBM) Asian Journal of Public Health and Nursing
Oluwafemi, Temidayo Joseph
Unknown Affiliation
Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Energy Engineering Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Physics Public Health Transportation

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ANALYSIS OF SMOKING AND COVID-19 MATHEMATICAL MODEL Oluwafemi, Temidayo Joseph; Miswanto, Miswanto
BAREKENG: Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan Vol 20 No 1 (2026): BAREKENG: Journal of Mathematics and Its Application
Publisher : PATTIMURA UNIVERSITY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/barekengvol20iss1pp0299-0312

Abstract

Smoking and COVID-19 have similar effects in the body system, i.e. damaging the airways and lung function. In this work, a mathematical model to study smoking and COVID-19 transmission was studied. The model was proven to have feasible region and it is well-posed mathematically and epidemiologically, the model was further proven to have positive solutions. The basic reproduction number was computed using the next generation method and sensitivity analysis was carried out. The results show that the disease-free equilibrium is locally and globally stable, the most sensitive parameter is the contact rate. The simulation shows that, curtailing rate of contact between exposed, infected individuals and susceptible human population will reduce the spread of the diseases, also giving attention to recovery strategies and controls will reduce to minimum the disease transmission. Therefore, it is recommended that stakeholders should give attention in controlling smoking habits, and prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infected individuals.
Analysis of HIV/AIDS Model with risk compensation effects among Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis users and infectious immigrants Oladejo, Janet Kikelomo; Taiwo, Abiodun Adewale; Fawale, Sefiyat Opeyemi; Oluwafemi, Temidayo Joseph
Jambura Journal of Biomathematics (JJBM) Volume 6, Issue 4: December 2025
Publisher : Department of Mathematics, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37905/jjbm.v6i4.30812

Abstract

Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) is a promising HIV prevention strategy,  and its provision has grown rapidly in several  countries,  including those in Sub-Saharan Africa.  However, lingering concerns  remain  that introducing PrEP may  lead  to unintended consequences,  such  as decreased  adherence  to other  prevention methods  and increased  risky sexual  behaviour, culminating in  risk  compensation.  This  study  employs a six-compartment mathematical model  to investigate the effects of risk  compensation behaviour among  PrEP users in a population with  an influx of infectious immigrants. The model  exhibits only  disease-free  equilibrium points  in the absence of  infective immigrants  and  endemic   equilibrium with  the  influx of  infected  immigrants.   The  disease-free equilibrium point  exists and is locally and globally asymptotically stable in the absence of infective immigrants when  the basic reproduction number  is less than one. In contrast, the model  exhibits only  endemic  equilibrium in the presence of infective immigrants, which is asymptotically stable when basic reproduction number  exceeds unity. A sensitivity analysis of the parameters  associated  with  R1 was performed using the normalized forward sensitivity index  to determine  the most influential parameter.   The  analysis revealed  that the number  of sexual partners  had  the greatest  influence   on  disease  endemicity.   Numerical  simulations supported the analytical findings, showing that  risk  compensation undermines PrEP  effectiveness  and  that  multiple sexual  partners increase  new  HIV infections.    However, PrEP can  significantly reduce  new  infections in  a population with varying immigrant influx and  no risk  compensation behaviour, highlighting  its potential  impact  in controlling HIV spread.     The  effectiveness   of  PrEP  depends on  strict  adherence   to  usage   in  combination  with   other preventive measures.  The disease persists  with  the inflow of infective immigrants.
System Challenges and Patient Waiting Time in Outpatient Care: A Qualitative Study in a Nigerian Public Hospital Zainab, Mukhtar; Ahmed, Abdulsalam; Khamis, Mustapha Fatima; Abdul, Nma Usman; Chindo, Yusuf Ibrahim; Usman-Yamman, Hadijah; Ajayi, Philomena Hope; Oluwafemi, Temidayo Joseph; Victor, Okedare Tobi; Lazarus, Stephen Samuel; Kaze, Samuel Bulus; Audu, Jemilat Agbakwomo; Abdullahi, Habiba Muhammad
Asian Journal of Public Health and Nursing Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Queeva Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62377/m2ed5q29

Abstract

Background: Patient waiting time in outpatient departments is a key indicator of healthcare quality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where delays frequently exceed two hours. In Nigeria, systemic inefficiencies, understaffing, manual record-keeping, and high patient volumes contribute to prolonged waits. Existing studies have predominantly used quantitative methods, leaving a gap in understanding the lived experiences of patients and perspectives of frontline healthcare workers, especially in secondary-level public hospitals. Methods: An exploratory qualitative study was conducted at the General Outpatient Department of General Hospital Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. Convenience sampling recruited 16 patients, while purposive sampling selected 13 healthcare professionals (doctors, nurses, and health information personnel). In-depth, audio-recorded interviews were conducted and data analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Five themes emerged: patient experience and outcomes; current strategies and solutions; monitoring and metrics; implementation challenges; and future directions. Three-quarters of patients reported prolonged waits associated with emotional distress and dissatisfaction. Providers identified high patient volumes, inadequate record-keeping, and partial scheduling implementation as systemic barriers. Cultural factors influenced patient tolerance, and both groups prioritised digital solutions including electronic medical records, smart scheduling, and telemedicine. Conclusion: Waiting time in the outpatient department is shaped by interacting systemic, cultural, and operational factors. Structured monitoring, improved patient communication, and targeted digital interventions are essential to reducing delays and strengthening patient-centred care in Nigerian public hospitals.
Co-Authors Abdul, Nma Usman Abdullahi, Habiba Muhammad Ahmed, Abdulsalam Ajayi, Philomena Hope Audu, Jemilat Agbakwomo Chindo, Yusuf Ibrahim Fawale, Sefiyat Opeyemi Kaze, Samuel Bulus Khamis, Mustapha Fatima Lazarus, Stephen Samuel Miswanto, Miswanto Oladejo, Janet Kikelomo Taiwo, Abiodun Adewale Usman-Yamman, Hadijah Victor, Okedare Tobi Zainab, Mukhtar