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All Journal Jurnal Nasional Teknik Elektro dan Teknologi Informasi
Juan C. Vasques
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Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering

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Virtual Inertia Control Topology Addressing Indonesia’s Low-Inertia Renewable Grid Resilience Challenge F. Danang Wijaya; Fikri Waskito; Eka Firmansyah; Juan C. Vasques
Jurnal Nasional Teknik Elektro dan Teknologi Informasi Vol 14 No 4: November 2025
Publisher : This journal is published by the Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jnteti.v14i4.25234

Abstract

The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources in Indonesia, particularly photovoltaic (PV) systems, into electric power grids has led to a reduction in system inertia, potentially compromising frequency stability during disturbances. This paper proposes a virtual inertia control method for single-phase rooftop PV inverters to enhance frequency response in low-inertia microgrids. A single-phase synchronverter model based on the swing equation is developed and tested on the IEEE 13-bus system. Three scenarios are evaluated: a solar-only microgrid, a wind-integrated microgrid, and a microgrid combining renewable sources with a synchronous generator. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed virtual inertia method improves frequency and voltage stability, closely mimicking the response of traditional synchronous generators. Within the first 10 seconds following a disturbance, the system fails to restore its frequency to the nominal value due to insufficient inertia in the inertial response time range. This indicates that the initial 10 seconds are a critical period for frequency recovery. The poorest frequency response is observed in Scenario 1 (solar-only configuration), where system inertia is the lowest among the three scenarios, while the hybrid configuration with a synchronous generator (Scenario 3) provides the most stable and robust frequency performance. The findings support the recommendation to implement policies requiring rooftop PV systems to incorporate virtual inertia functionalities, ensuring greater system resilience as renewable energy penetration increases.
Co-Authors Eka Firmansyah Fikri Waskito Fransisco Danang Wijaya