<![CDATA[General Background Gas turbine engines operate under highly variable and nonlinear conditions, yet conventional fixed-gain PID controllers cannot sustain optimal performance as operating points shift and components age. Specific Background The integration of a Two-Degree-of-Freedom PID with real-time adaptive mechanisms offers a promising pathway to enhance tracking accuracy, disturbance rejection, and long-term robustness. Knowledge Gap Existing studies rarely evaluate a fully integrated hybrid architecture that combines 2-DOF PID, adaptive estimation, anti-windup, and bumpless transfer under realistic disturbances, degradation, and noise. Aims This study designs and validates a Hybrid 2-DOF PID–Adaptive controller for a single-shaft industrial gas turbine using high-fidelity MATLAB/Simulink modeling. Results The hybrid controller significantly reduced overshoot, accelerated settling time by more than 20 percent, and maintained near-nominal performance under 10 percent simulated efficiency loss, outperforming fixed-gain PID, fixed-gain 2-DOF PID, and standalone MRAC. Novelty The research provides a unified, computationally efficient architecture that stabilizes transient behavior while continuously adapting to plant variations. Implications These findings demonstrate a practical upgrade path for industrial gas turbines, offering improved efficiency, reduced thermal stress, and enhanced reliability across the engine lifecycle.Highlight : Emphasizes the role of hybrid architecture in improving transient response and stability. Highlights adaptive capabilities to maintain performance during component degradation. Demonstrates significant improvements over conventional controllers in various test scenarios. Keywords : Gas Turbine, Hybrid Control, 2-DOF PID, Adaptive Control (MRAC/RLS), Disturbance Rejection]]>
