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Tri Minarsih
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Medicine & Pharmacology

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The Effect of Nanotechnology in the Formulation of Butterfly Pea Flower (Clitoria Ternatea) Extract Cream on the Antibacterial Activity of Acne-Causing Propionibacterium acnes Chrisabela Bia; Tri Minarsih
Journal of Science and Technology Research for Pharmacy Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Science and Technology Research for Pharmacy
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jstrp.v5i1.27310

Abstract

Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin disease caused by the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes. Common therapy using topical antibiotics can cause resistance if used long term. It is necessary to develop therapy using natural ingredients of butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea) which has the potential for antibacterial activity and is made into a cream formulation with nanoparticle technology that can increase drug bioavailability. This study used an experimental method with the stages of maceration extraction of butterfly pea flowers using 96% ethanol, making nanoparticle extracts using the ionic gelation method (sodium alginate and CaCl₂), and making nanocreams using the high-energy emulsification method. The formulation formulations consisted of formula 1 extract cream, formula 2 extract nanoparticle cream, and formula 3 butterfly pea flower extract nanocream with a concentration of 5%. Particle size characterization was carried out using the Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), while the antibacterial activity test was carried out using the well diffusion method against Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. The characterization results showed that the size of the extract nanoparticles was 378 nm, the extract nanoparticle cream was 4402 nm, and the nanocream was 465 nm. Physical evaluation showed that all three formulas met good standards and were classified as O/A type creams. The nanocream formulation had the highest antibacterial activity with an average inhibition zone of 6.3 mm (moderate category), while the extract cream and extract nanoparticle cream showed lower inhibition, 4.2 mm and 1 mm respectively (weak category), so that the telang flower extract nanocream formulation was the most effective in inhibiting the growth of Propionibacterium acnes.
Optimisation of SSG (Sodium Starch Glycolate) and Avicel PH 102 in the Formula of Orally Disintegrating Acetaminophen Tablets by Simplex Lattice Design Method Oktaviani Himmayatin Nisaa; Tri Minarsih
Journal of Science and Technology Research for Pharmacy Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Science and Technology Research for Pharmacy
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jstrp.v5i2.27572

Abstract

Background: ODT acetaminophen tablets are an alternative drug therapy for patients who have difficulty in swallowing tablets or capsules. Additional ingredients that play an important role in the ODT tablet formula are disintegrants. The disintegrants used in this study were avicel ph 102 and SSG. The use of disintegrants can help increase the dissolution rate and accelerate the destruction time. Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum formula of ODT acetaminophen tablets and analyse the effect of SSG and avicel ph 102 on dissolution and disintegration time. Material and Methods: Determination of acetaminophen ODT tablet formula was carried out running in design expert software with the simplex latice design method. Preparation of ODT acetaminophen tablets was carried out by direct felting. The evaluation of ODT acetaminophen tablets was IPC physical evaluation, determination of content, and dissolution. Determination of the optimum formula was done by simplex latice design method. Results: The results showed that all ODT acetaminophen tablet formulas fulfilled all the requirements of the IPC test, physical evaluation, dissolution, and determination of levels according to the Pharmacopoeia VI edition standards. Formula 3 produced the fastest disintegration time of 3 minutes, but the dissolution rate of 100% was reached in the 15th minute. It is suspected that gel formation in the SSG swelling mechanism slowed down the dissolution rate. While formulas 1, 2, and 4 which have a longer disintegration time reached >80% dissolution in the 10th minute. Conclusion: The optimum formula results with the simplex latice design method were SSG 8% and avicel ph 102 7%.  Avicel ph 102 and SSG had the effect of accelerating the destruction time and slowing down the dissolution rate.
Co-Authors Chrisabela Bia Oktaviani Himmayatin Nisaa