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All Journal ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika Jurnal JEETech
Farhan Rezki Arifin
University of Cokroaminoto Makassar
Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering

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Performance Analysis of Building-Embedded Loop Antenna Systems for Smart City IoT Networks Farhan Rezki Arifin; Nurmayanti Zain; Lompo Ramos Emakarim
Jurnal JEETech Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Nomor 2 November
Publisher : Universitas Darul Ulum

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32492/jeetech.v6i2.6207

Abstract

The increasing demand for seamless connectivity in Smart City environments has encouraged the integration of communication systems directly within building infrastructures. This study presents the performance analysis of a building-embedded loop antenna system designed for sub-GHz Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The proposed antenna, made of stainless steel and embedded in a reinforced concrete column, was modeled and simulated using Ansys HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) based on the Finite Element Method (FEM). Analytical and full-wave simulations were conducted to evaluate key electromagnetic parameters, including return loss, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), impedance bandwidth, and radiation characteristics. The results showed that the antenna achieved resonance at 700 MHz with a return loss of –20.95 dB and a VSWR of 1.196, demonstrating excellent impedance matching. The impedance bandwidth covered 563–939 MHz, ensuring compatibility with various IoT protocols such as LoRaWAN, NB-IoT, Z-Wave, and ZigBee. Despite reduced gain due to dielectric absorption and coupling within the concrete medium, the antenna maintained an omnidirectional radiation pattern, suitable for low-power IoT nodes. These findings indicate that building-embedded loop antennas can function as integrated communication elements while preserving architectural integrity.
Design of Microstrip-Embedded Building Structure Antenna for Smart City IoT Networks LOMPO RAMOS EMAKARIM; NURMAYANTI ZAIN; FARHAN REZKI ARIFIN; MUH. IRHAM M; UMMU KHALSUM; ABDUL HAKIM UDIN
ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika Vol 14, No 3: Published July 2026
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Nasional, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26760/elkomika.v14i3.347

Abstract

Building-integrated antenna technology offers a promising approach for IoT deployment in smart city. This study proposes a conceptual framework for microstrip antenna embedded within metal structural elements. It aims to analyze the electromagnetic behavior and performance of these antennas for IoT applications. The methodology combines analytical modeling with HFSS simulations to evaluate key parameters including return loss, VSWR, gain, and radiation patterns within the 700 MHz sub-GHz IoT bands. Simulation results demonstrate that the concrete column structure supports effective antenna operation, achieving a return loss of -17.15 dB and a VSWR of 1.32. Despite the inherent attenuation, the antenna maintains a positive realized gain of 1.44 dBi and a sufficient broadside radiation pattern. The study concludes that such embedded antennas offer a viable solution for smart city IoT infrastructure.
Co-Authors ABDUL HAKIM UDIN Lompo Ramos Emakarim MUH. IRHAM M Nurmayanti Zain UMMU KHALSUM