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All Journal Journal of Material Science and Radiation
Kean Pah Lim
Universiti Putra Malaysia
Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics

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Safety Evaluation of MRI Magnetic Field Leakage from Different Configurations Yap Siew Hong; Siti Aisyah Mohd Nordin; Mohd Mustafa Awang Kechik; Muhammad Khalis Abdul Karim; Zarina Ramli; Hussien Baqjiah; Soo Kien Chen; Kean Pah Lim; Muhammad Kashfi Shabdin; Aliah Nursyahirah Kamarudin; Aris Doyan; Arebat Ryad Alhadei Mohamed; Abdul Halim Shaari
Journal of Material Science and Radiation Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Balai Publikasi Indonesia

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Abstract

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) systems generate intense static magnetic fields (SMFs), with fringe field propagation varying considerably between installations, even among scanners that operate at the same nominal field strength. This study investigates the safety implications of magnetic field leakage by quantifying and comparing SMFs distributions surrounding multiple MRI facilities. The assessment covers 1.5 T MRI scanners at Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz (HCTM) and Hospital Pakar Kanak-Kanak UKM (HPKK), and 3 T scanners at the National Cancer Institute / Institut Kanser Negara (IKN), Pusat Pengimejan Diagnostik Nuklear (PPDN), and HCTM. Magnetic field intensities were recorded using a Magnetometer HP-01 provided by the Medical Radiation Surveillance Division (BKRP), Ministry of Health Malaysia, and visualised using MATLAB to model spatial field dispersion. Statistical tools, including Box and Whisker plots and the Shapiro-Wilk test, were employed to analyse magnetic field uniformity and containment. Specifically, 1.5 T scanners at HCTM and HPKK, and 3.0 T scanners at IKN, PPDN, and HCTM, each displayed distinct SMFs propagation profiles. These findings align with earlier studies conducted in Italy, confirming that magnetic field distributions near the magnet core can differ substantially based on scanner model and site-specific installation variables—even when B₀ remains constant. Notably, HCTM exhibited superior SMFs confinement, with lower standard deviation and a narrower distribution range, suggesting better shielding design. This enhances occupational safety in zones where radiographers frequently operate. The results reinforce the need for site-specific SMFs assessments and optimised shielding practices to maintain safe MRI environments for both staff and patients
Effect of Sintering Temperature on the Phase Formation and Superconducting Properties of Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 Ceramics Synthesised via Co-Precipitation Nurhidayah Mohd Hapipi; Soo Kien Chen; Mohd Mustafa Awang Kechik; Kean Pah Lim; Abdul Halim Shaari; Nor Atikah Baharuddin; Nurul Auni Khalid; Muhammad Kashfi Shabdin; Kar Ban Tan; Oon Jew Lee
Journal of Material Science and Radiation Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): August
Publisher : Balai Publikasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56566/jmsr.v1i2.387

Abstract

In this work, (Bi, Pb)-2223 superconducting ceramics with the nominal composition Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 were synthesised via the co-precipitation method and sintered at temperatures of 845 °C, 850 °C, and 855 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the dominance of Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 phase with minor traces of secondary phases, Ca2PbO4 (dicalcium lead (IV) oxide). An increase in sintering temperature led to a larger average grain size and reduced intergranular voids. Electrical resistivity measurements using the four-point probe method revealed the highest superconducting transition temperature (Tc onset = 104 K) for samples sintered at 845 °C. Higher sintering temperatures reduced the value of Tc onset and resulted in a wider transition width, ΔTc. These findings highlight the critical influence of sintering temperature on the structural and microstructural properties, which in turn govern the superconducting performance of (Bi, Pb)-2223 ceramics.
Co-Authors Abdul Halim Shaari Aliah Nursyahirah Kamarudin Arebat Ryad Alhadei Mohamed Aris Doyan Hussien Baqjiah Kar Ban Tan Mohd Mustafa Awang Kechik Muhammad Kashfi Shabdin Muhammad Khalis Abdul Karim Nor Atikah Baharuddin Nurhidayah Mohd Hapipi Nurul Auni Khalid Oon Jew Lee Siti Aisyah Mohd Nordin Soo Kien Chen Yap Siew Hong Zarina Ramli