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All Journal Jurnal Riset Biologi dan Aplikasinya Jurnal Ilmiah Sains
Sitoresmi Prabaningtyas
Department of Biology, Malang State University, Jl. Semarang No. 5 Malang, East Java, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Computer Science & IT Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Physics

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Optimization Media for the Growth of Chlorella vulgaris in Co-Culture with Bacteria Sitoresmi Prabaningtyas; Fairus Zain; Dila Amelia; Raden Roro Ranty Kusumaningayu; Dhiyauddin Aridhowi; Achmad Rodiansyah; Ida Mawadah; Dita Ayu Eka Saputri
Jurnal Ilmiah Sains Volume 25 Issue 2, October 2025
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jis.v25i2.61326

Abstract

The demand for fuel energy in Indonesia is continuously rising, while the availability of fossil fuels is increasingly limited. Consequently, an alternative renewable biodiesel feedstock, such as the microalga Chlorella vulgaris, is urgently needed. One effective strategy to boost microalgal biomass is through co-culture with bacteria, as the positive interactions between the two have been proven to accelerate microalgal growth rates via various mechanisms. As an essential factor in the cultivation process, the selection of a culture medium that provides optimal nutrition is a crucial step to support maximum C. vulgaris growth. This study, therefore, aims to evaluate the optimization of both the culture medium and the bacterial co-culture technique to maximize C. vulgaris proliferation. We compared the effectiveness of two culture media (Gusrina Medium and Guillard Medium) and two levels of bacterial addition (monoculture and co-culture). Cultivation was performed in a photobioreactor with a 12-hour on : 12-hour off aeration cycle and a 16-hour light : 8-hour dark photoperiod. The results demonstrate that microalgae-bacteria co-culture in Gusrina Medium yielded the most optimal C. vulgaris cell growth. The best bacterial combination utilized in the co-culture consisted of IAA (Indole Acetic Acid) producing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and amylolytic bacteria. This specific combination of medium and bacteria is recommended for the large-scale development of C. vulgaris biomass as a sustainable biodiesel feedstock.
Stability of Microalgae-Bacteria Co-cultures During Storage in a Laboratory Freezer at −20°C: A Case Study of Chlorella vulgaris and an Indigenous Bacterial Consortium Diah Fitriana; Sitoresmi Prabaningtyas; Fauzi Akhbar Anugrah
Jurnal Riset Biologi dan Aplikasinya Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/jrba.v8n2.p137-145

Abstract

The development of microalgae-based biofuels through co-culture systems holds great potential; however, the scale-up process is often hindered by issues related to inoculum stability during storage. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of storage duration at -20 °C (for 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks) on cell size and cell density of Chlorella vulgaris in a monoculture system compared with a co-culture system with an indigenous bacterial consortium (Bacillus paramycoides, Lysinibacillus fusiformis, and Delftia sp.). Optical density was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 675 nm, while cell morphology was evaluated through microscopic observation in five fields of view. Statistical analysis using ANOVA revealed a significant decline in cell density over storage time (p < 0.05) throughout the 12 weeks in both systems. This structural preservation is presumed to be mediated by Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) forming microalgae-bacteria flocs (MaB-Flocs) that serve as a protective physical buffer. However, viability assays conducted at week 4 showed no cell proliferation after thawing in either system, accompanied by distinct color degradation pathways. Therefore, storage at -20 °C without cryoprotectants is ineffective as a cryopreservation method and unsuitable for delaying cell density measurements, although co-cultivation effectively stabilizes cell morphology evaluations.
Co-Authors Achmad Rodiansyah Dhiyauddin Aridhowi Diah Fitriana Dila Amelia Dita Ayu Eka Saputri Fairus Zain Fauzi Akhbar Anugrah Ida Mawadah Raden Roro Ranty Kusumaningayu