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Emsal Yanuar
Program Studi Teknik Metalurgi, Universitas Teknologi Sumbawa, Indonesia
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Uji Potensi Karbon Aktif Berbahan Kulit Durian Sebagai Media Immobilisasi Asam Lemak Hidroksamat Muhsinun Muhsinun; Syamsul Hidayat; Emsal Yanuar
Pure Chemistry Research Vol. 1 No. 2: Pure Chemistry Research, December 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Publikasi Ilmiah Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70716/purechem.v1i2.366

Abstract

The utilization of biomass waste as a raw material for functional materials represents a sustainable approach in the development of carbon-based materials. This study aims to evaluate the potential of activated carbon derived from durian peel as a support for the immobilization of fatty hydroxamic acids. Activated carbon was synthesized through sequential stages of raw material preparation, carbonization, and chemical activation to produce a porous material with surface properties favorable for immobilization processes. The characterization results indicate the formation of a well-developed porous structure along with the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups, which play a crucial role in interactions with fatty hydroxamic acids. Fatty hydroxamic acids were synthesized from vegetable oil and employed as the target compounds in the immobilization process. Immobilization was carried out using a direct contact method between the activated carbon and the fatty hydroxamic acid solution under controlled conditions. The results demonstrate that durian peel–based activated carbon effectively immobilizes fatty hydroxamic acids through a combination of physical adsorption mechanisms and chemical interactions on the carbon surface. The immobilization efficiency obtained indicates that pore characteristics and surface functional groups of the activated carbon strongly influence its performance as an immobilization medium. Stability tests further reveal that the immobilized system exhibits satisfactory resistance to washing and repeated use. Overall, this study confirms that activated carbon derived from durian peel has significant potential as an immobilization medium for chemical compounds, while simultaneously adding value to biomass waste and supporting the development of environmentally friendly materials for chemical and environmental applications.
Kajian Hubungan antara Struktur Pori Karbon Aktif dan Efisiensi Reagen Pengkhelat pada Ion Logam Berat Muhsinun Muhsinun; Emsal Yanuar
Varied Knowledge Journal Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026): Varied Knowledge Journal, February 2026
Publisher : CV. Global Cendekia Inti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71094/vkj.v3i3.150

Abstract

This study aims to quantitatively analyze the relationship between the pore structure of activated carbon and the efficiency of chelating agents in the adsorption of heavy metal ions. Activated carbon derived from durian peel through chemical activation exhibited a specific surface area of 1850–2620 m²/g and a total pore volume of 0.85–1.42 cm³/g, with pore distribution dominated by micropores (60–70%) and mesopores (30–40%). Following modification with EDTA and EDDS, adsorption capacities significantly increased from 78.5 mg/g to 142.3 mg/g for Pb²⁺, from 65.2 mg/g to 118.7 mg/g for Cd²⁺, and from 71.4 mg/g to 126.5 mg/g for Cu²⁺. The maximum removal efficiency reached 94.6% at pH 6 with a contact time of 120 minutes. The Langmuir isotherm model showed a strong fit to the experimental data (R² = 0.981–0.996), with maximum adsorption capacities (qmax) ranging from 130 to 155 mg/g for modified activated carbon. Kinetic analysis revealed that the pseudo-second-order model provided the best fit (R² > 0.99), indicating that chemisorption was the dominant mechanism. The intraparticle diffusion coefficient increased by 35–48% in activated carbon with higher mesopore distribution. Correlation analysis indicated that mesopore volume had a stronger influence on chelation efficiency (r = 0.87) compared to total surface area (r = 0.72). These findings confirm that the synergy between pore structure and chemical modification significantly enhances adsorption efficiency in a measurable and systematic manner.
Co-Authors Muhsinun Muhsinun Muhsinun Syamsul Hidayat