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A.S. Nasution
Research and Development Centre for Oil and Gas Technology "LEMIGAS"
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Energy

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PRODUCTION OF GASOLINE COMPONENTS IN ASEAN REFINERIES AND EFFECTS OF THE STRICTER FUEL QUALITY REQUIREMENT A.S. Nasution; E. Jasjfi; Evita H. Legowo
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 25 No 3 (2002)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.25.3.1072

Abstract

Intensive implementation of the blue sky program in many countries imposed the use of reformulated gasoline with a very sophisticated specification. Motor gasoline is essentially a complex mixture of hydrocarbons distilled between 40 and 220 C, which consist of distillate fraction of crude oils and the conversion products of crude oil fractions. Small amounts of additives are also used to enhance various aspects of the performance of gasoline. In ASEAN refineries, over 740 MBPSD of feed- stock is processed which produce about 512 MBPSD of gasoline components. About 96 percent of the amount is processed in 39 units of the heterogeneous catalytic processes: i.e. cracking. reforming and isomerization, and the other 4 percent in 4 units of homogeneous catalytic processes: L.e. alkylation and polymerization. Volatility, octane number, hydroegtys4 com: position and impurity content are the most determinant criteria of the gasoline. In most spark-ignition internal combustion engines, the fuel is metered in liquid form through the carburettor or fuel injector, and is mixed with air and partially vaporized before entering the cylinders of the engine. Consequently. volatility, is and extremely important characteristic with respect to starting, driveability, vapor lock, dilution of engine oil fuel economy, and carburettor icing. To increase the octane level of gasoline an anti knock agent such as tetraethyl lead (TEL) or tetramethyl lead (TML) can also be used. Pres- sures to reduce atmospheric pollution are tending towards the reduction or elimination of lead from gasoline. Lead itself is known to be a poison and its presence in the exhaust gas is undesirable. Leudacts as a catalyst poison of catalytic converter installed to reduce carbon monaxide and hydrocarbon emission. Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) is one of the alternative to replace lead alkyls, and has been used as antiknock. Unleaded gasoline (ULG) has been introduced since 1990 in ASEAN Countries: The actual penetration of ULG utilization in the first half of 1998 are as follows : Brunei Darussalam 48.9 , Indonesia 0.6 %. Malaysia 80 %, Philippines 17.7 %, Singapore 81 %. and Thailand 100%. The passage of the Clean Air Act Amendment of 1990 in the USA has forced American refiners to install new facilities to comply with stricter specifications for fuels such as gasoline and diesel oil. Various terms in the models address quality of the gasoline blended, sulfur content, and total aromatics and olefins contents, RVP, the Tof distillation range, sulfur content, and oxygenated content. Specifications for the reformulated gasoline and the ASEAN commecial gasoline are presented. Driveability index (DI) has been standardized by ASTM D-4814-98a and in the near future this DI could be recommended in the specification for the reformulated gasoline. Reformu- lated gasoline can be blended from the high quality gasoline components. Volatitity (RVP. T T T and driveability index), octane number (RON, MON and octane distribution), and hydrocarbon compositions of the gasoline components, as well as the refinery configuration to improve the quality of the gasoline components, and the compositions of these improved gasoline components of reformulated gasoline production are briefly discussed in this paper.
HYDROCRAKING OF HEAVY DISTILLATE INTO CLEAN DIESEL OIL USING Ni-Mo/Al2O3 CATALYST A.S. Nasution; E. Jasjfi
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 23 No 1 (2000)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.23.1.1078

Abstract

Diesel oil is high pollution fuel and the quality of this fuel must he improved to obtain clean diesel oil Crude oil production and its quality tend to decrease. Light fuel oil demand rate is higher than that of residual fuel. Diesel oil produced in the refineries generally consists of predominantly straight-run diesel oil: however, compounds such as thermally and catalytically cracked diesel oils are sometimes included. The quality of straight-run diesel oil, such as hydrocarbon types and sulfur content, will in general reflect the nature of crude oil. Cracked stocks either thermal or catalytic cracked diesel oils, contain higher percentage of aromatic, olefin and sulfur contents and these cracked diesel products must be hydrogenated prior to rounting to final products. The passage of the Clean Air Act Amendment of 1990 in the U.S.A has forced American refineries to install new facilities to comply with stricter specifications for fuels such as gasoline and diesel oil. Hydrocracking processes are a combination of desulfurization and conversion developed primary to process feeds having a high content of unsaturated hydrocarbons (olefin and polycyclic aromatics) and non-hydrocarbon compounds (sulfur and nitrogen compounds) with a bifunctional catalyst. A variety of bifunctional catalysts and processing designs may be used commercially depending on the feedstock used and desired products. Influence of both feedstock compositions (paraffinic and non-paraffinic vacuum distillate, and wax) and the acidity of bifunctional catalysts on the performance of hydrocracked diesel oil products are discussed briefly in this paper. Low yield or selectivity of diesel oil products by high catalyst acidity, it is suggested that the higher secondary splitting has taken place in converting cracked products into large amounts of low-molecular weight hydrocarbons such as gasoline and LPG. High diesel index product of the paraffinic feedstock due to the high paraffin content of the produced diesel oil.
CURRENT USES AND FUTURE CHALLENGES FOR ZEOLITE IN THE INDONESIAN OIL AND GAS PROCESSING INDUSTRY A.S. Nasution; Chairil Anwar; E. Jasjfi
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 22 No 2 (1999)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.22.2.1091

Abstract

Oil and gas industry uses zeolite as an adsorbent to reduce moisture content of natural gas in LNG Plant, and as catalyst to convert the heavy petroleum fractions feeds into light clean fuels in refinery.Low quality crude oil, low residual fuel demand, and an increased demands and spesifications for light products (gasoline, kerosene, and diesel oil) and petrochemical products, future challenges for utilization zeolite as cracking catalyst in refinery are encouraging.
SELECTIVE HYDROCRACKING OF HEAVY DISTILLATE TO HIGH VISCOSITY INDEX OF LUBE BASE STOCK USING BI-FUNCIONAL CATALYSTS A.S. Nasution
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 14 No 1 (1991)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.14.1.1121

Abstract

Selective hydrocracking of heavy distillate to high viscocity index of lube base stock has been carried out at the operating conditions: temperatures: 380° - 410°C, pressure: 100kg/cm2, H2/HC = 1000 lt/lt with bifunctional catalysts having various acidity using a catasest unit operated with a continuous system.
HYDRODESULFURIZATION OF CRUDE OIL FRACTIONS USING Co-Mo/Al2O, CATALYST A.S. Nasution
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 12 No 1 (1989)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.12.1.1142

Abstract

Kinetic of hydrodesulfurization reaction is studied for crude oil fractions: Vacuum distillate, deasphalted oil, reduced crude oil and vacuum residue
CATALYTIC REFORMING OF PURE HYDROCARBONS AND NAPHTHA USING MONO AND BI-METALLIC REFORMING CATALYSTS A.S. Nasution
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 11 No 1 (1988)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.11.1.1146

Abstract

The catalytic role of mono and bi-metallic of reforming catalysts is studied for the conversion of pure hydrocarbons: Le n, hexane, n. heptane, n, octane, methylcyclopentanÄ™, cyclohexane and nephtha in the reformning reaction
COOPERATIVE DETERMINATION OF OCTANE REQUIREMENT FOR CAR POPULATIONS IN ASEAN COUNTRIES A.S. Nasution
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 10 No 3 (1987)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.10.3.1149

Abstract

The supply of motor gasoline at the correct octane level is of utmost importance to every country since it bears economic and technical consequences in the cost of energy supply and in the maintenance and replacement costs of engines.  The determination of the actual octane requirement of the existing car population, on the other hand, is a tedious an costly activity.  Better results and less cost could be incurred through a cooperative approach by several countries.  The paper describes the significance of octane requirement, its method of measurement, and presents the results for Indonesia.  Based on this experience a strong recommendation is made for a cooperative determination of octane requirement in the ASEAN region.
WA INFLUENCE OF HYDROCARBON COMPOSITIONS OF THE HYDROCRACKING FEEDSTOCKS ON THE HYDROCRACKED PRODUCTS OF LUBRICANT BASE STOCK AND MIDDLE DISTILLATE A.S. Nasution
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 10 No 3 (1987)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.10.3.1150

Abstract

An experiment has been carried out to study to influence of hydrocarbon composition of the hydrocracking feedstocks on the hydrocracked products of lubricant base stock and middle distillate with bi-functional catalyst.  The operating conditions are;  temperature: from 400° to 420°C pressure: from 100 kg/cm2 and H2/HC ratio: 1000 Ilt/lt using a Catatest unit, operated with a continuous system.  Experimental data show that the high content of paraffin hydrocarbon in the hydrocracked feedstock tends to increase the viscosity index of lubricant base stock, smoke point of kerosene and diesel index of gas oil products.
HYDROISOMERIZATION OF CYCLOHEXANE AND N-HEPTANE USING Ni-Mo AND Ni-W CATALYSTS SUPORTED ON SILICA-ALUMINA A.S. Nasution
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 10 No 1 (1987)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.10.1.1156

Abstract

An experiment has been carried out to study the influence of hydrogenating site of bi-functional and of butylamine on the hydroisomerization cyclohexane and n-heptane. The observed data show that a high activity of hydrogenating ste of bi-functional catalyst, tends to increase the cataly tic activity of hydroisomeri- zation reaction and n-butylamine acts as catalyst poison, which reduces the isomer products. 
INFLUENCE OF THE CATALYST ACIDITY ON THE HYDROCRACKING OF MINAS VACUUM DISTILLATE INTO MIDDLE DISTILLATE. A.S. Nasution
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 9 No 1 (1986)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.9.1.1158

Abstract

Hydrocracking process is probably the most versatile of modern petroleum process. This versatility has been achieved by the development of specific families of catalysts, of processing schemes designed to allow these catalysts to function efficiently and optimal refining relationships between hydrocracking and other refinery processes. A study was conducted to determine the hydrochocking of Minas vacuum distillate into middle distillate with the operating conditions : temperature: from 390° to 410°C pressure : 100 kg/cm2 and H2/HC ratio = 1000 lt/lt. A catatest unit operated in a continuous system was used in these experiments. The experimental data show that the conversion of the feedstock, the actuation energy and the product characteristics of" Minas vacuum distillate hydrocracking depended on the operating temperature and the acidity of the catalyst, And low acidity of Ni-Mo/Al2 03SiO2 catalyst produce a high selectivity of middle distillare.
Co-Authors Abdul Gafar Chairil Anwar E. Jasjfi Evita H. Legowo Morina Morina Oberlin Sidjabat Rasdinal Ibrahim