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Trauma Kimia Basa Hondrizal; Boy Hutaperi
Scientific Journal Vol. 3 No. 6 (2024): SCIENA Volume III No 6, November 2024
Publisher : CV. AKBAR PUTRA MANDIRI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56260/sciena.v3i6.176

Abstract

Trauma kimia pada mata merupakan salah satu kasus kegawatdaruratan mata. Trauma kimia mata dapat disebabkan karena adanya kontak dengan bahan kimia yang bersifat asam atau basa. Trauma kimia pada mata dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan kornea dan segmen anterior yang cukup parah serta kerusakan visus permanen tergantung lamanya kontak bahan kimia dengan mata dan kedalaman penetrasi bahan kimia. Wanita usia 40 tahun datang dengan mata merah dan penurunan penglihatan mata kanan sejak setelah terkena semprotan cairan pembersih lantai sejak empat jam sebelum masuk rumah sakit. Seketika itu mata terasa perih, terasa panas seperti terbakar, menjadi merah, dan pandangan kabur. Pasien juga merasa ada yang mengganjal pada mata kanannya dan mata menjadi berair terus menerus. Pasien merasakan nyeri kepala sebelah kanan berdenyut. Status oftalmologis okuli dekstra visus 1/60 (bed site). Bulbus oculi didapatkan epiphora (+), palpebra superior dan inferior didapatkan edema, konjungtiva kemosis (+), kornea didapatkan erosi dan iskemik pada sepertiga limbus temporal lateral. Diagnosis pasien trauma kimia asam ocului dextra grade II. Penatalaksanaan dengan irigasi mata dengan NaCl 0,9% 4-5 kolf sampai terapi pH netral diukur dengan kertas lakmus, moxifloxacin hydrochloride 0,5% 1 gtt per jam OD, chelating agent berupa EDTA (Etilen Diamin Tetra Asetat) tetes mata 5mg/ml 4x 1 tetes OD, vitamin C 2x100 mg tablet.
DELIRIUM PADA LANJUT USIA Alimudiarnis Alimudiarnis; Boy Hutaperi
Nusantara Hasana Journal Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Nusantara Hasana Journal, June 2026
Publisher : Yayasan Nusantara Hasana Berdikari

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59003/nhj.v6i1.2133

Abstract

Delirium is an acute neurocognitive syndrome commonly occurring in older adults and is characterized by disturbances in consciousness, attention, cognition, and behavior that develop rapidly and fluctuate throughout the day. This condition is frequently observed among hospitalized elderly patients, particularly those with chronic illnesses, neurological disorders, infections, or those recovering from surgery. Delirium is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, prolonged hospital stays, functional decline, and a higher risk of developing dementia in later life. This review aims to examine the risk factors, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of delirium in older adults based on current scientific literature. The method used was a literature review of relevant scientific journals. The findings indicate that the major risk factors for delirium include advanced age, pre-existing cognitive impairment, infection, dehydration, metabolic disturbances, the use of certain medications, and immobility. Diagnosis is established through clinical assessment focusing on acute changes in mental status and impaired attention. Management primarily involves identifying and treating the underlying causes, along with non-pharmacological interventions such as reorientation strategies, early mobilization, sleep optimization, and family support. Pharmacological treatment is reserved for selected cases with severe symptoms that threaten the safety of the patient or others. Early detection and comprehensive management are essential to reduce complications and improve the quality of life of older adults experiencing delirium.