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All Journal ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia
Sholichah Rohmani
Sebelas Maret University
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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The Effect of Maltose-Sucrose Weight Ratio in Lozenges of Bajakah Root Ethanolic Extract (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk.) on Their Flavonoid Total Release, Physical, and Sensory Properties Dian Eka Ermawati; Chaterine Turu' Padang; Sholichah Rohmani; Anif Nur Artanti
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 21, No 2 (2025): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.21.2.95035.241-250

Abstract

Bajakah root ethanol extracts contain flavonoids, phenolics, and tannins as antioxidants that can inhibit tumor growth. However, consuming the pure extract as a supplement has an unpleasant odor and taste. Providing the extract as lozenges may give better taste, control the release of active substances, be absorbed in the oral mucosa, and avoid first-pass metabolism. Sucrose and corn syrup are the main components of lozenge fillers. This study evaluates the combination of maltose-sucrose on physicochemical properties, drug release, and taste acceptance. Bajakah roots were macerated in 50% ethanol (1:5 w/v) for three days, and the filtrate was evaporated. The extract contained 2.18% and 9.03% of flavonoids and tannins, respectively. The high proportion of sucrose increased hardness, sweet taste, pungent aroma, and better release of active substances, but did not affect the disintegration time. The maltose-sucrose weight ratio of 1:1 was selected because it met the requirements for lozenges based on the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia Edition VI, having characteristics of a weight of 250 ± 9.93 mg; hardness of 9.30 ± 2.08 kg; dissolution time of 10.48 ± 4.26 minutes; and released 80% of active substances for 60 minutes. In addition, this formula is stable in storage and is most preferred by respondents.
The Effect of Co-Processed Excipient and Mannitol on Physical Properties and Release Test of Flavonoid Total of Bajakah Root (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk.) Water Extract in Effervescent Granule Dian Eka Ermawati; Nur Cahyo Fajar Trihantono; Ulfa Afrinurfadhilah Darojati; Nindita Claurisa Amaris Susanto; Sholichah Rohmani; M. Fiqri Zulpadly; Annisa Diyan Meitasari; Diyah Tri Utami; Anif Nur Artanti; Heru Sasongko; Meta Kartika Untari
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 22, No 1 (2026): March
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.22.1.94157.148-156

Abstract

Bajakah root is traditionally used in herbal medicine and exhibits notable antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 0.155 mg/mL) with a total flavonoid content of 32.49 ppm. However, conventional consumption by boiling is limited by poor taste, odor, and low stability. To overcome these limitations, this study developed effervescent granules to enhance acceptability and absorption. The effect of combining co-processed excipients (lactose–manihot starch in a ratio of 64.32:35.68) with mannitol on granule characteristics and flavonoid release was investigated. Bajakah root extract was prepared by hot water infusion (90 °C, 15 min; ratios 1:10 and 1:20) followed by freeze-drying. Phytochemical contents were analyzed using UV–Vis spectrophotometry. Co-processed excipients were prepared via wet granulation and characterized by SEM. Formulations with co-processed excipient–mannitol ratios of 3:1, 2:2, and 1:3 were evaluated for physicochemical properties and flavonoid release. Results showed total flavonoid and tannin contents in the extract of 2.19% and 9.04%, respectively. Excipient ratios significantly affected flow rate, angle of repose, moisture content, and disintegration time (p < 0.05), but not pH. All formulations met pharmacopoeial requirements for ≥80% flavonoid release within 60 min. The optimal formulation (1:3) demonstrated excellent properties, supporting its potential as an effective herbal delivery system.
Co-Authors Anif Nur Artanti Annisa Diyan Meitasari Chaterine Turu&#039; Padang Dian Eka Ermawati Dian Eka Ermawati Diyah Tri Utami Heru Sasongko M. Fiqri Zulpadly Meta Kartika Untari Nindita Claurisa Amaris Susanto Nur Cahyo Fajar Trihantono Ulfa Afrinurfadhilah Darojati