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All Journal Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum
Montayana Meher
Faculty of Law, Universitas Medan Area, Indonesia
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Law and Investment Comparison in Australia, South Korea, and Indonesia Montayana Meher; Ningrum Natasya Sirait; Mahmuddin
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 24 No. 1 (2025): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v24i2.6485

Abstract

This essay examines the legal and policy frameworks regulating foreign direct investment (FDI) in Australia, South Korea, and Indonesia by focusing on three key areas of law: national laws on foreign investment (including treaties), competition and consumer law, and anti-corruption law. These legal domains significantly influence the decisions and risk assessments of outbound investors. The study highlights how each country’s legal system—Australia’s common law versus South Korea’s and Indonesia’s civil law traditions—affects FDI regulation. It also contrasts developed (Australia and South Korea) and developing (Indonesia) economies, revealing distinct challenges and opportunities in attracting sustainable FDI. Comparative legal analysis is used to assess the effectiveness and limitations of existing frameworks, especially in the context of pre- and post-pandemic reforms. While Australia and South Korea are seen as stable and secure environments for investment, Indonesia, despite being high-risk, offers potentially higher returns. The essay argues that legal clarity and effective governance—especially in anti-corruption and competition regulation—play a critical role in fostering investor confidence. Using a normative legal research method with descriptive, analytical, and case study approaches, the essay concludes that comprehensive understanding of these legal areas is essential for minimizing investment risks and promoting sustainable FDI flows.
Fulfillment of the Principle of Transparency Due to the Transfer of Receivables with Wakalah Al-Mutlaqah Without the Customer's Knowledge in Islamic Banking Utary Maharany Barus; Tengku Keizerina Devi Azwar; Montayana Meher
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 24 No. 1 (2025): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v24i2.6755

Abstract

This study discusses the fulfillment of the principle of transparency in the practice of transferring receivables through the wakalah al-mutlaqah contract carried out by Islamic banking without the knowledge of customers. Transparency is a fundamental principle in Islamic banking activities as a form of protection of customer rights. However, in practice, the transfer of receivables originating from financing contracts is often carried out through the granting of general power of attorney (wakalah al-mutlaqah) to a third party without notification or explicit consent from the customer as an interested party. The purpose of this study is to analyze the compliance of this practice with Islamic principles and applicable laws and regulations, and to assess the extent to which the principle of transparency is fulfilled. This study uses a normative juridical method with a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, and a case approach. The results of the study indicate that although the transfer of receivables through wakalah al-mutlaqah is permitted under Islamic jurisprudence, its implementation without notification to the customer has the potential to ignore the principle of transparency and can lead to disputes. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen internal regulations in Islamic banking so that the receivables transfer process continues to prioritize the principles of transparency and consumer protection in the Islamic financial system in Indonesia.
Co-Authors Mahmuddin Ningrum Natasya Sirait Tengku Keizerina Devi Azwar Utary Maharany Barus