<![CDATA[This study analyses the interrelationship between alleged medical malpractice, patient safety, and legal accountability through a case study of a suspected malpractice incident during a cesarean section at Bekasi Regional Public Hospital (RSUD Bekasi) in 2025. Using a juridical-normative approach combined with empirical case analysis, the research applies Donabedian’s quality of care framework and examines Indonesian legal instruments, particularly Law No. 17 of 2023 on Healthcare. Data were collected from statutory provisions, court archives, national media reports, and scholarly literature, and analysed qualitatively through normative interpretation and triangulation of legal norms, theory, and factual findings. The results indicate three key deficiencies: (1) limited implementation of standard operating procedures and informed consent; (2) weak institutional oversight and patient safety culture; and (3) slow, costly, and opaque dispute resolution mechanisms that hinder access to justice. Comparative analysis with international practices shows that Indonesia’s legal governance remains fragmented, with insufficient integration between healthcare regulation and professional accountability. The study concludes that comprehensive reform is required to strengthen patient protection through clear regulatory mechanisms, independent medical audits, and the development of a no-fault compensation system that ensures both patient rights and medical professionalism.]]>
