Milda Istiqomah
Faculty of Law, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia

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An Analytical Study of the Lex Favor Reo Principle in the Context of Corruption Case Resolution under the Third Amendment to the State Owned Enterprises Law in Indonesia Fauzan Prasetya; Milda Istiqomah; Bambang Sugiri; Aiden L. Moreau
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 24 No. 2 (2025): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v24i2.6879

Abstract

This study analyzes the implications of Law No. 1 of 2025—the Third Amendment to the SOE Law—on the application of the lex favor reo principle in corruption cases involving State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in Indonesia. Using a normative juridical approach with analytical and conceptual methods, the research reveals that the amendment redefines SOEs, limits the auditing authority of the Supreme Audit Agency, and removes the automatic classification of SOE losses as state losses. As a result, the legal interpretation of “state financial loss” in corruption cases has shifted significantly, potentially narrowing the scope of criminal liability for SOE officials. This change may lead to the re-evaluation of ongoing corruption prosecutions, including possible sentence reductions or acquittals. The study highlights the complex interaction between corporate reform and criminal accountability, emphasizing the need for doctrinal coherence, legal certainty, and the protection of substantive justice within Indonesia’s evolving post-reform legal framework. 
An Integrated Policy Model for Supervisory Punishment under Indonesia's New Criminal Code Rohmat Rohmat; Milda Istiqomah; Nurini Aprilianda
Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure Vol 25 No 3 (2025): Edisi November
Publisher : Law Policy Strategy Agency, Ministry of Law of The Republic of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30641/dejure.2025.V25.151-170

Abstract

The inclusion of supervisory sanctions in Indonesia's new Criminal Code signifies a shift toward non-custodial and rehabilitative forms of punishment, reflecting a broader transition from retributive to corrective and restorative justice. Despite their formal adoption, the regulatory frameworks necessary for their implementation remain underdeveloped. This study examines the normative and philosophical foundations of supervisory sanctions and proposes an integrated legal policy model for their effective application. Employing a normative juridical method supported by statutory, comparative, and conceptual approaches, the research is analyzed within a prescriptive framework. The findings indicate that these sanctions are intended to provide offenders with a second chance through structured oversight and individualized rehabilitation, thereby avoiding incarceration. This study offers a novel insight by presenting an integrated policy model for supervisory sanctions, an approach that has not previously been developed within Indonesia's legal system. The proposed model outlines mechanisms for enforcement, supervision duration, and reintegration programs. By addressing a critical gap in Indonesia's penal system, this research contributes original perspectives and a practical framework for the operationalization of community-based criminal sanctions.
Universal Jurisdiction over Corruption: Philosophy, Governance, and Its Implications for Indonesia Satria Unggul Wicaksana Prakasa; Setyo Widagdo; Milda Istiqomah
Legality : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Vol. 34 No. 2 (2026): September
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/ljih.v34i2.44845

Abstract

The discourse surrounding corruption as an international crime is increasingly urgent due to its transnational impacts that trigger economic crises and threaten global security. This study addresses two primary objectives: redefining corruption within international legal mechanisms and exploring opportunities for the international community to recognise it as an international crime. Employing a normative research design, this study systematically analyses law as a system of norms. The methodology focuses on the study of laws, regulations, legal doctrine, and applicable principles, interpreting the implications of these norms within various international conventions. The research outcomes indicate that when corruption affects the security sector, violates human rights, or relates to environmental crimes where states are unable or unwilling to act, it meets the gravity threshold for an international crime. Key results suggest a pressing need for global commitment to amend the United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) and the Rome Statute. The results of this study advocate for the recognition of corruption as a component of international crime under universal jurisdiction. It proposes utilising the International Criminal Court (ICC) to ensure accountability. While significant obstacles regarding state sovereignty and criminal jurisdiction remain, internationalising anti-corruption measures is essential to address systemic impunity and safeguard the international legal order.