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All Journal Multidiciplinary Output Research for Actual and International Issue (Morfai Journal) Academia Open
Madalia Faza
Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Legal Noncompliance in Indonesia Additional Hajj Quota Allocation Madalia Faza
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13134

Abstract

General Background The administration of the Hajj pilgrimage in Indonesia is governed by Law Number 8 of 2019, which mandates fairness, transparency, and prioritization of regular pilgrims in quota management. Specific Background In 2024, Saudi Arabia granted Indonesia an additional Hajj quota intended to address prolonged waiting lists, yet its domestic distribution generated controversy due to allocations favoring special pilgrims. Knowledge Gap Existing studies largely emphasize Hajj diplomacy and service management while insufficiently examining legal compliance in the domestic allocation of additional quotas resulting from bilateral agreements. Aims This study examines the Indonesian government’s noncompliance with Law Number 8 of 2019 in distributing the additional 2024 Hajj quota from an international relations and governance perspective. Results The findings reveal discrepancies between statutory provisions and policy practices, marked by the diversion of additional quotas to special pilgrims, limited transparency in decision-making, and weak accountability mechanisms. Novelty This research integrates national interest theory and good governance principles to connect bilateral diplomacy outcomes with domestic legal adherence in Hajj administration. Implications The study underscores that diplomatic achievements in securing additional Hajj quotas must be accompanied by lawful and transparent domestic implementation to preserve public trust, uphold pilgrims’ rights, and ensure coherent governance within Indonesia’s Hajj administration framework. Highlights: Allocation practices diverged from statutory priority for long-waiting regular pilgrims. Decision-making procedures lacked public transparency and administrative accountability. Diplomatic gains were not consistently aligned with domestic legal obligations. Keywords: Noncompliance, Hajj Quota Distribution, Good Governance
THE INDONESIA GOVERNMENT’S NEGOTIATION WITH THE GOVERNMENT OF SAUDI ARABIA IN PURSUIT OF INCREASING THE HAJJ QUOTA FOR 2025 Madalia Faza
Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18540091

Abstract

This study analyzes the negotiation strategies and dynamics between Indonesia and Saudi Arabia concerning the proposed increase in Indonesia’s Hajj quota for 2025. As background, the research is motivated by Indonesia’s consistently high demand for Hajj pilgrimage—which exceeds the annual quota determined by the Saudi government—and the inconsistent outcomes of previous diplomatic efforts. While Indonesia successfully secured additional quotas in 2023 and 2024, similar success was not achieved for the 2025 Hajj season. The study employs a descriptive qualitative approach, collecting data through in-depth interviews, official documents, reports from the Indonesian Ministry of Religious Affairs, and relevant media publications. Data analysis was conducted interactively using the Miles and Huberman model. The findings indicate that the negotiation dynamics for 2025 were shaped by three main factors. First, Saudi Arabia implemented a strict evaluation of infrastructural capacity, particularly in the Mina–Arafah area. Second, the changes in Indonesia’s governmental structure following the 2024 election affected the continuity of technical diplomacy. Third, the stipulations outlined in the Hajj MoU for 1447 H/2026 AD emphasize that additional quota allocations can only be granted if Indonesia’s technical and operational preparedness meets Saudi standards. From a theoretical perspective, using Oran R. Young’s negotiation framework, these dynamics reveal a shift from interest-based negotiations (as seen in 2023–2024) to constraint-based negotiations in 2025. As a result, Indonesia was granted additional quota only for Hajj officers, not for regular pilgrims. The study concludes that the effectiveness of Hajj diplomacy is contingent upon institutional strength, continuity of technical-level negotiations, and adaptive strategic capacity in responding to evolving Saudi policies.
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