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All Journal Buletin Veteriner Udayana
I Gusti Ketut Suarjana
Laboratorium Bakteriologi Veteriner, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana, Jl. PB. Sudirman, Sanglah, Denpasar, Bali; Indonesia, 80234
Immunology & microbiology Public Health Veterinary

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THE NORMAL FLORA OF THE ORAL MUCOSA IN LONG-TAILED MACAQUES AT THE MONKEY FOREST, UBUD Nadila Agustina; I Gede Soma; I Gusti Ketut Suarjana
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. June 2025 Vol. 17 No. 3
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2025.v17.i03.p14

Abstract

  The long-tailed macaque is a monkey species found in various habitats, including primary and secondary forests. One population of long-tailed macaques in Bali can be found in the Monkey Forest, Ubud, Gianyar Regency. The normal oral flora of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) plays a crucial role in their health and has potential impacts on the environment. Factors such as environment, diet, and age influence the health of long-tailed macaques living in the Monkey Forest, Ubud. This study aims to identify the bacterial present on the oral mucosa of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in the Monkey Forest, Ubud, and to assess their potential pathogenicity. The research design used in this study is observational with a cross-sectional study approach. Samples were collected using cotton swabs from the oral mucosa of long-tailed macaques. The bacterial identification was conducted using two agar media, namely Sheep Blood Agar (SBA) and MacConkey Agar (MCA), followed by biochemical tests. The data obtained in this study were analyzed descriptively. Based on the results of the conducted research, it can be concluded that three types of bacteria were found: Streptococcus sp. (53.3%), Fusobacterium sp. (40%), and Staphylococcus sp. (6.67%). Among the three bacteria identified, 46.67% have the potential to be pathogenic, namely Streptococcus sp. and Staphylococcus sp. Further studies are needed using molecular methods to specifically identify the bacterial species.
NORMAL INTESTINAL FLORA OF LONG-TAILED MACAQUES IN MONKEY FOREST, UBUD, BALI Imam Rahman; I Gede Soma; I Gusti Ketut Suarjana
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. June 2025 Vol. 17 No. 3
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2025.v17.i03.p10

Abstract

The long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) is a primate commonly found in Indonesia, including in the Monkey Forest Ubud, Bali. This primate has a high adaptability to its environment, including dietary patterns influenced by interactions with humans. The normal gut flora refers to organisms that live in the gastrointestinal system of the long-tailed macaque. This study aims to identify the normal bacteria present in the intestines of long-tailed macaques in the Monkey Forest Ubud. The method used was an observational cross-sectional study. Samples were collected by rectal swabbing using sterile cotton swabs, with a total of 15 samples. Bacterial isolation and identification were performed using Sheep Blood Agar, Nutrient Agar, and MacConkey Agar media. Bacterial identification included primary tests and biochemical tests such as Triple Sugar Iron Agar, Sulfide Indole Motility, Methyl Red-Voges Proskauer, and Simmons Citrate Agar. The results of the study revealed three types of bacteria identified: Escherichia coli, Streptococcus sp., and Staphylococcus sp. Further identification using molecular methods is necessary to determine the bacterial species more specifically. Additionally, further research could be conducted to explore the presence of other bacteria that may inhabit the intestines of the long-tailed macaque.
Co-Authors I Gede Soma I Gede Soma Imam Rahman Nadila Agustina