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All Journal Buletin Veteriner Udayana
Hapsari Mahatmi
Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Veteriner, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana, Jl. PB. Sudirman, Sanglah, Denpasar, Bali; Indonesia, 80234
Immunology & microbiology Public Health Veterinary

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ISOLATION OF GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA FROM THE TONSILS OF WEANED LANDRACE PIGS BASED ON HEMOLYSIS TYPE Nanda Oktafia; I Wayan Suardana; Hapsari Mahatmi
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. April 2025 Vol. 17 No. 2
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2025.v17.i02.p13

Abstract

Tonsils of pigs as the upper respiratory tract are the initial gateway for bacteria to enter the body located at the junction of the oropharynx and nasopharynx and have an important role in the immune system. The study was conducted to determine the level of pathogenicity of Gram-positive bacteria based on the type of hemolysis in post-weaning landrace pigs. It is important to know that pathogenic bacteria have great potential for zoonosis. This study conducted a primary test with a Gram staining test and also a hemolysis test to determine the potential level of pathogenicity. Isolation can be done from the tonsils of post-weaning landrace pigs by swabbing the tonsil mucosa. From the tests carried out, 74 Gram-positive isolates were identified from the 88 existing isolates. The results obtained showed a percentage that described the pathogenicity of the existing bacteria including 43% or (32/74) isolates were α-hemolytic, 42% or (31/74) isolates were β-hemolytic, and 15% or (11/74) were γ-hemolytic. The type of hemolysis produced from a series of tests showed different results which were presented in the form of a percentage. The significant percentage of α-hemolysis and β-hemolysis indicates that there is a large potential for pathogenicity in the area where post-weaning pig tonsil swab samples were taken, namely from Selat Village with the SS code, Sangeh Village with the SGS code and also Taman Giri Village with the STG code. Further research needs to be done to be able to provide education to the community and to find out the bacterial species from the identification of Gram-positive bacteria which are seen based on the type of hemolysis, namely those with α-hemolysis, β-hemolysis, and γ-hemolysis related to virulence in the pathogenicity of infection.
TYPES OF HEMOLYSIS OF GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM THE TONSILS OF WEANED LANDRACE PIGS Rizky Novriansyah; I Wayan Suardana; Hapsari Mahatmi
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. April 2025 Vol. 17 No. 2
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2025.v17.i02.p19

Abstract

The tonsils serve as the primary gateway for bacterial entry into the body and are part of the lymphatic system, which is rich in immune cells, particularly phagocytes. Various pathogenic bacteria can colonize the tonsils, including Gram-negative bacteria with high virulence potential. This study aims to identify and characterize Gram-negative bacteria from the mucosa of post-weaning pig tonsils based on their haemolysis properties. Samples were collected from three different farming locations, namely Selat Village, Sangeh Village, and Taman Giri, which have different environmental conditions such as housing type, humidity, and temperature. The methods used included Gram staining to determine bacterial morphological characteristics and haemolysis testing on blood agar to observe haemolysis patterns. The results showed that among 14 isolates tested, 50% (7/14) exhibited alpha-haemolysis, 36% (5/14) exhibited beta-haemolysis, and 14% (2/14) exhibited gamma-haemolysis. Based on these characteristics, the potential bacteria identified included Haemophilus sp., Pasteurella sp., Actinobacillus spp., and Escherichia coli, which exhibited different haemolytic abilities depending on their virulence factors. Environmental factors such as housing type, humidity, and temperature also influenced the haemolysis patterns of the bacteria. The variations in haemolysis patterns observed indicate differences in the expression of virulence factors among the bacteria colonizing the tonsils of post-weaning pigs from the three study locations.
Co-Authors I Wayan Suardana Nanda Oktafia Rizky Novriansyah