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All Journal Buletin Veteriner Udayana
Ida Ayu Dian Kusuma Dewi
Laboratorium Diagnosis Klinik, Patologi Klinik dan Ragiologi Veteriner, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Udayana, Jl. PB. Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, 80234
Immunology & microbiology Public Health Veterinary

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DETECTION OF SPIRORCHIID OVA IN BLOOD SAMPLES FROM GREEN SEA TURTLES BY REALTIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION Ida Ayu Dian Kusuma Dewi
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. June 2025 Vol. 17 No. 3
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2025.v17.i03.p44

Abstract

Parasite infection has become one of many important pathological conditions contributing to high morbidity and chronic debilitating disease in green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas). Of many identified parasites in green turtles, spirorchiid flukes are one of the most frequent groups identified from stranding cases worldwide with relatively high morbidity ranging from 75%-98%. This study aimed to perform molecular assays on blood samples using filtered blood to concentrate the parasite DNA contained in the circulating ova. A total of nine blood samples were collected during the study; one from a captive green turtle with suspect positive spirorchiidiosis, and eight from wild turtles caught around the Moreton Bay area. The blood filtration resulted in a remarkably low DNA quantity and poor quality which later lead to a lack of positives on PCR assay. The DNA yield from unfiltered blood samples (68.2–374.3 ng/µL; mean = 16.7 ± 110.0 ng/µL) was significantly higher than that from filtered samples (0.95–7.92 ng/µL; mean = 8.02 ± 8.00 ng/µL). Additionally, DNA purity based on the 260/280 ratio was more consistent in unfiltered samples (1.64–2.13; mean = 1.94 ± 0.13), while filtered samples showed highly variable and unreliable purity values (-7.04 to 84.67; mean = 9.19 ± 28.5). The low quality and quantity of DNA may be caused by the parasite’s life stage, which affects the level of infection and parasite load in the host, as well as DNA denaturation during the extraction process using the bead-beating method. Future research should focus on optimizing DNA extraction methods, particularly the duration of bead-beating and the use of effective buffers like sorbitol or SDS. Additionally, regular administration of anthelmintic treatment is recommended in clinical settings to help control Spirorchiid infections in green turtles.
CASE REPORT: TREATMENT OF UROLITHIASIS IN A PREGNANT MIXED BREED CAT Gusti Putu Arni Safitri; Ida Ayu Dian Kusuma Dewi; I Nyoman Suartha
Buletin Veteriner Udayana Bul. Vet. Udayana. October 2025 Vol. 17 No. 5
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/bulvet.2025.v17.i05.p04

Abstract

Urolithiasis is a disease caused by the presence of stones/crystals in the urinary tract. This report aims to diagnose and treat urolithiasis in pregnant cats. A 2-year-old, mixed-breed pregnant cat weighing 3.7 kg presented with complaints of bloody urine and difficulty urinating. Physical examination revealed reddish genital mucosa and distended urinary bladder. Macroscopic examination revealed yellowish-brown urine, an ammonia-like odor, and sediment. Microscopically, struvite and red blood cells were found in the urine. A dipstick test showed a pH of 8.0, leukocytes 3+, protein 3+, bilirubin +, erythrocytes 4+, and a specific gravity of 1.010. Ultrasonography showed wall thickening and hyperechoic color, indicating struvite crystals in the urinary bladder. Routine hematology examination showed lymphocytopenia and granulocytopenia. Urine culture revealed Staphylococcus sp. and Hafnia sp. Based on the overall examination results, the animal was diagnosed with urolithiasis. Causative therapy was given in the form of Cefixime trihydrate, Kejibeling®, and Cystaid Plus®. Supportive therapy was given with Livron B Plex® and feeding with Royal Canin® Urinary S/O. After 7 days of treatment, the patient was able to urinate with clear yellow urine. The cat should be provided with regular drinking water, a separate litter box, and separated from other cats during pregnancy.
Co-Authors Gusti Putu Arni Safitri I Nyoman Suartha