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All Journal Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences
I Made Saka Wijaya
Udayana University
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Veterinary Other

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Morphological and Anatomical Development of True Mangrove Species Generative Organs in Ngurah Rai Forest Park, Bali Rai Janaki Maharani; I Made Saka Wijaya; Citra Gilang Qur'ani
Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): June 2025
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services Udayana University (LP2M Universitas Udayana)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/ATBES.2025.v09.i02.p08

Abstract

Plant phenology is the study of the growth time of plants that occurs repeatedly every year. In the process, growth is accompanied by development at both the cellular and tissue levels of differentiated plants, resulting in the formation of organs with specific functions as a form of environmental adaptation. The lack of mangrove reproduction data motivates this study to investigate the development and differentiation of generative organs in several species of true mangroves within Ngurah Rai Forest Park. Sampling was conducted in the Ngurah Rai Forest Park, while observations were made in the Plant Structure and Development Laboratory at Udayana University. The research method involved observing and comparing changes in the morphological and anatomical structures of the species Avicennia marina, Sonneratia alba, and Xylocarpus granatum. The results found that all species have all the flower’s main parts (stamen, pistil, petal, sepal), with some species having nectar around the receptacle to attract pollinators. The fruit development in X. granatum formed without any of the flower parts, while in S. alba, it clearly involves the calyx and stylus as its main parts of fruit, and A. marina only has a small calyx as part of the fruit. Based on the sprout characteristics, S. alba and X. granatum are classified as normal fruits, while A. marina has cryptoviviparous fruit. As for seeds, the endospermic seed was observed in S. alba and X. granatum, while A. marina has a non-endospermic seed with fully developed cotyledons.
Orchid Inventory along The Wongaya Gede Trekking Route of Mount Batukaru, Tabanan, Bali - Indonesia Kania Delima Rizky; Ni Made Gari; I Made Saka Wijaya
Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services Udayana University (LP2M Universitas Udayana)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/ATBES.2026.v10.i01.p09

Abstract

Orchids are among the most diverse groups of flowering plants, with a wide distribution. However, updated information on their distribution in Mount Batukaru, Bali, remains limited. The mountain was designated as a Cagar Alam (nature reserve) in 2020, highlighting the need for baseline data to support conservation efforts. This study aimed to document orchid species along the western slope through exploration surveys conducted from November 2024 to May 2025 across an elevation gradient from 831 to 2,276 m asl. Data were collected through direct field observations and photographic documentation, while species identification was verified using standard taxonomic references. A total of 25 species were recorded, representing two subfamilies, Epidendroideae (24 species) and Orchidoideae (one species, Corymborkis veratrifolia). Several species not reported in the previous study, including Arundina graminifolia, Calanthe zollingeri, Coelogyne speciosa, and Dendrobium spathilingue, were identified. Notably, Bulbophyllum ovalifolium corresponded to the MB2 (Mount Batukaru 2) variant previously reported from Mount Batukaru. The updated data can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of nature reserve designation and guide future conservation strategies.  
Co-Authors Citra Gilang Qur'ani Kania Delima Rizky Ni Made Gari Rai Janaki Maharani