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All Journal Jurnal Ilmiah Dunia Hukum Lex Publica
Hetiyasari Hetiyasari
Universitas Wahid Hasyim, Indonesia
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Legal Risks in Co-Working Spaces and Consumer Protection Challenges in Custody Agreements and Cybersecurity Amelia Firdausa Duana; Septian Oloan Sihombing; Ashari Ashari; Hetiyasari Hetiyasari
Lex Publica Vol. 11 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : APPTHI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58829/lp.11.2.2024.277

Abstract

This study examines the legal challenges and gaps in consumer protection related to custody agreements in co-working spaces in Indonesia. With the growing popularity of co-working spaces, consumers face significant issues such as the burden of proof in cases of lost or stolen items, unreasonably low compensation limits, and a lack of awareness about their legal rights. Existing legal frameworks, including Law No. 8/1999 on Consumer Protection (UUPK) and the Indonesian Civil Code (KUHPerdata), provide basic consumer rights but fail to address emerging risks such as cybersecurity threats, data protection, and complex service contracts in the co-working space context. Through a normative legal research methodology, this study analyzes the adequacy of current laws and proposes specific reforms to enhance consumer protection. It recommends updates to the UUPK, including clear guidelines on physical and digital security, consumer contract transparency, and liability for loss or damage, particularly concerning digital goods. The study also suggests strengthening dispute resolution mechanisms, incorporating modern technologies like biometric identification and blockchain for improved security and transparency, and establishing industry-wide standards. Lastly, it emphasizes the importance of consumer education and advocacy to ensure that users are aware of their rights. By implementing these recommendations, Indonesia can ensure a more secure and equitable co-working space environment.
Civil Liability for Artificial Intelligence in Electronic Contracts: A Conceptual Framework in Indonesian Law Lilisen Lilisen; Narpika Yendra; Pudji Natalya M; Hendy Liusgria; Tjhang Kian On; Hetiyasari Hetiyasari
Jurnal Ilmiah Dunia Hukum VOLUME 10 ISSUE 1 OCTOBER 2025
Publisher : PDIH Untag Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56444/jidh.v10i1.6713

Abstract

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into electronic contracts introduces new legal challenges, particularly regarding civil liability for losses caused by algorithmic errors or system failures. This study aims to examine the mechanisms for enforcing such liability within the Indonesian legal framework by analyzing both tort-based responsibility and contractual liability arising from electronic transactions. Using a normative juridical method supported by statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, this research evaluates the relevant legal provisions, liability principles, and international practices. Under Article 1365 of the Civil Code, parties controlling or benefiting from AI may be held liable if negligence leads to harm. Meanwhile, the electronic information and transactions Law and Government Regulation 71 of 2019 provide the foundation for contractual claims, including obligations related to system reliability, data integrity, and digital audits. The findings show that enforcing liability requires clear causal proof, algorithmic transparency, and the ability to assess both material and non-material losses. Comparative cases such as Deloitte Australia, DoNotPay, and OpenAI demonstrate the global relevance of due diligence, algorithm auditing, and human accountability. This study concludes that Indonesia’s existing legal framework offers adaptive mechanisms for addressing AI-related losses, while emphasizing the need to strengthen regulatory clarity and accountability standards in the digital era.
Co-Authors Amelia Firdausa Duana Ashari Ashari Hendy Liusgria Lilisen Lilisen Narpika Yendra Pudji Natalya M Septian Oloan Sihombing Tjhang Kian On