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All Journal Jurnal Ilmiah Dunia Hukum Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis
Happy Yulia Anggraeni
Universitas Islam Nusantara Bandung
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Implementation of Criminal Sanctions as Ultimum Remedium in Article 100 of Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management Dedi Rustandi; Happy Yulia Anggraeni
Jurnal Ilmiah Dunia Hukum VOLUME 10 ISSUE 1 OCTOBER 2025
Publisher : PDIH Untag Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56444/jidh.v10i1.6555

Abstract

Criminal law enforcement against environmental violations serves as the last step (ultimum remedium) used when administrative sanctions are proven to be unable to stop violations. This study aims to analyze the application of the principle of ultimum remedium and assess the suitability of the application of Article 100 paragraphs (1) and (2) in Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management in cases of environmental pollution carried out by PT. Trisan Abadi. This study uses a normative juridical method with a case study approach. The results of the study show that the relevant agencies have first issued administrative sanctions through Decree Number 660.31/Kep.412-DLH/2020. However, because business actors do not comply with the sanctions and violations occur again, criminal sanctions are then imposed. The application of the articles used has met the elements of the law, including the imposition of responsibility on corporations as legal subjects. These findings show that although the principle of ultimum remedium has been implemented in accordance with the provisions, its effectiveness still needs to be improved through stricter supervision, training for law enforcement officials, and inter-agency synergy. These measures are important to have a deterrent effect and ensure sustainable environmental protection.
Cybercrime dan Media Sosial: Analisis Hukum terhadap Tren Peningkatan Tindak Pidana di Era Digital Alejandro Morion Ruben Thomas; Happy Yulia Anggraeni
Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis Vol 6 No 7 (2025): Tema Hukum Pidana
Publisher : CV Rewang Rencang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56370/jhlg.v6i7.2173

Abstract

The rapid evolution of digital technology has brought significant benefits to society, yet it has also triggered the emergence of increasingly complex forms of cybercrime. Incidents such as data theft, online fraud, and system intrusion occur in unpredictable patterns, as technological innovation progresses faster than regulatory frameworks can adapt. This study examines the dynamics of cybercrime through four main dimensions: regulatory vulnerabilities, the level of digital literacy among the public, the effectiveness of law enforcement, and the social as well as psychological implications experienced by victims. Using a literature-based approach, this analysis reviews studies published within the last five years to understand how policy, technology, and human behavior interact within the realm of digital security. The findings reveal that low public awareness of data protection, limited technical capacity among law enforcement agencies, and the severe psychological impacts on victims remain critical challenges. This study highlights the need for a multidisciplinary response integrating legal, technical, and social interventions to ensure a safer and more sustainable digital ecosystem.
Co-Authors Alejandro Morion Ruben Thomas Dedi Rustandi