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Muhammad Raihan Aswat
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Chemistry

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REVIEW ARTIKEL: AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI SENYAWA METABOLIT SEKUNDER PADA BEBERAPA EKSTRAK TANAMAN TERHADAP BAKTERI Escherichia coli Ripaldy Apriansya; Rudi Kartika; Shaparuddin Nur Arifullah; Dilo Jhosea Luciano Eduardo; Muhammad Raihan Aswat; Muhammad Adhitya Rizkirullah
PROSIDING SEMINAR KIMIA Vol 4 No 1 (2025): Prosiding SNK 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Mulawarman

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Abstract

Indonesia's current biodiversity makes it something valuable for the community. Especially the use of plants that are used as medicinal materials. This is supported by the content of secondary metabolite compounds found in plants such as flavonoids, phenolics, steroids, saponins, tannins and others. These compounds have antibacterial activity that can be used to inhibit the growth of microbes that harm humans. By conducting a literature study of 10 national and international articles in the last 10 years of publication to review the ability of several plants that have potential as antibacterials. Tests were carried out on Escherichia coli bacteria which included the extract solvent used, the content of metabolite compounds in the extract and its activity based on the inhibition zone diameter value and/or minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Keywords: Antibacterial, inhibition zone diameter, Escherichia coli, minimum inhibitory concentration, secondary metabolites
MINI REVIEW: MENGKAJI POTENSI BAKTERI UNTUK PRODUKSI BIOETHANOL BERKELANJUTAN Muhammad Raihan Aswat; Rudi Kartika
PROSIDING SEMINAR KIMIA Vol 4 No 2 (2025): Prosiding SNKT 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Mulawarman

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The need for renewable energy such as bioethanol is increasingly urgent to overcome dependence on fossil fuels and food security issues. The use of bacteria to ferment non-food lignocellulosic biomass is a strategic alternative due to its ability to process a variety of substrates, including pentose that cannot be metabolized by yeast. This article presents a systematic literature review of international journals (2015-2025) to evaluate the effectiveness of various bacteria in bioethanol production. The study methodology focused on comparing the types of microorganisms, raw materials, process methodologies, bioethanol yields produced. The results of the study highlight the great potential of specific bacteria. Zymomonas mobilis showed the highest efficiency, achieving 100% yield through a cell-free system due to its superior Entner-Doudoroff metabolic pathway. Other bacteria such as Escherichia coli (90%) and Bacillus subtilis (76.8%) demonstrated excellent raw material flexibility. Additionally, engineered Clostridium thermocellum (70%) stood out for its ability to perform Consolidated Bioprocessing at high temperatures. However, challenges were encountered with Enterobacter sp., which only produced 23.6% ethanol due to its natural metabolism, which tends toward mixed acid fermentation. It was concluded that the use of bacteria is highly effective for bioethanol production but its effectiveness is highly dependent on strain selection and process engineering. Keywords: Bioethanol, Bacteria, Zymomonas mobilis, Entner-Doudroff,
Co-Authors Dilo Jhosea Luciano Eduardo Muhammad Adhitya Rizkirullah Ripaldy Apriansya Rudi Kartika, Rudi Shaparuddin Nur Arifullah