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All Journal International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development
Mrindoko, Allen Emmanuel
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Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences

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Drivers of Kausha Damu Practices in Tanzania: A Study of Socio-Economic, Institutional, and Cultural Factors Influencing Predatory Lending among Women Borrowers in Tanzania Mrindoko, Allen Emmanuel
International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development (IJBESD)
Publisher : Rescollacom (Research Collaborations Community)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46336/ijbesd.v7i1.1161

Abstract

The study investigated the factors influencing predatory lending in Tanzania highlighting the importance of institutional, socio-economic and cultural factors among women borrowers. Specifically, the study assessed the extent institutional, socio-economic and cultural factors have been contributing on predatory lending among women borrowers, and analysed the relationship between institutional, socio-economic and cultural factors; and predatory lending represented by excessively higher interest rate, high and hidden fees, aggressive sales tactics and higher default rate as signs of predatory lending. Descriptive research design following mixed method approach was employed in this study. The study was carried out in Dodoma Urban, Temeke and Morogoro Urban districts. The targeted population comprised of all women borrowers in these districts. The sampling frame consisted women who borrow from microfinance institutions, individual lenders and online lending platforms. The study applied both purposive and random sampling methods to select respondents and key informants (KIs). The purposive sampling technique was used to select three district community development officers as KIs, while random sampling technique was used to select 100 women borrowers from each districts, and thus make up of sample size of 300 respondents. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaire and in-depth interview; and analysed through descriptive statistics based on mean, standard deviation, range and correlations; and content analysis respectively. The findings revealed that the extent institutional, socio-economic and cultural factors influence predatory lending is very high. Also, the results show that institutional, socio-economic and cultural factors correlates with predatory lending. The results of binary logistic regression show those who reported that institutional, socio-economic and cultural factors are not favourable to them were likely to borrow from predatory lender. Based on the findings, this study concludes that women are multi-vulnerable across multiple factors: institutional, socio-economic and cultural; to predatory lending. Thus, the study calls for increased efforts to enforcement of stricter regulations on lending practices of microfinance and online lending platforms.
The Impacts of Multiple Taxation and Para-Fiscality on Financial Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Tanzania Mrindoko, Allen Emmanuel
International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development (IJBESD)
Publisher : Rescollacom (Research Collaborations Community)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46336/ijbesd.v7i2.1246

Abstract

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are the backbone of economies globally, contributing considerably to employment, economic growth, and poverty reduction. However, SMEs face high failure rates due to limited access to finance, complex regulatory environment, low level of managerial and business skills, multiple taxation and para-fiscal taxes. Therefore, this study intends to assess the impact of multiple taxation and para-fiscality on the financial performance of SMEs in Tanzania. The study is guided by theoretical underpinning of Ability to Pay and Institutional Theories. The research was conducted in Arusha, Dodoma and Dar es Salaam Regions. The study adopted a descriptive research design and concurrent mixed-methods approach. The target population was all owners/managers of registered SMEs. The sample size was 368 SMEs owners/managers, who were selected proportionate random sampling technique. Also, trade and investment officers of selected regions, and managers of TCCIA in respective regions were purposively selected as key informants. Data were collected through structured questionnaires, interview guide, and documentary analysis Qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis, while analysis of quantitative data was carried out using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics based on regression model. The study found that SMEs are highly exposed to multiple taxations and para-fiscal charges to a greater extent and that this situation have detrimental influence on SMEs operations. Moreover, this study found that both multiple taxation and para-fiscality have negative and statistically significant impact on financial performance of SMEs in the study areas. The study concluded that imposition of multiple taxes and para-fiscal charges results into complex and costly compliance procedures and tax burden on SMEs, which eventually shrink SME financial performance. Thus, the study recommended that the TRA establish tax incentives and revisit tax rates and simplify tax compliance rules for SMEs so as to foster SME profitability.
Assessing Governance Frameworks for Effective Oversight of Upstream Petroleum Operations: Adopting Best Practices in Tanzania’s Sector Governance Dickson, Pastory; Mrindoko, Allen Emmanuel
International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development (IJBESD)
Publisher : Rescollacom (Research Collaborations Community)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46336/ijbesd.v7i2.1247

Abstract

Ineffective governance structures and regulatory practices have continued to affect transparency, accounts, and efficiency in Tanzania’s upstream petroleum sector, which makes the sector prone to risks associated with compliance and challenges in governance. The study aims to evaluate the impact of governance structures and best practices to the oversight of the country’s upstream petroleum sector. This study was guided by Agency Theory, which focuses on monitoring and accountabilities between regulators and operators, and Institutional Theory, which focuses on Legitimacy and Best Practices based on global standards. A cross-sectional research design and approach based on a quantitative strategy was used employed. 328-sample size were sought from various organizations in Tanzania. Semi-structured questionnaire instrument was used as data collection methods. GLM to control for regression was adopted for data analysis. The results show highly positive relationship between governance structures and oversight effectiveness in Tanzania’s upstream petroleum sector with ρ of 0.747, p < 0.01 and a highly positive relationship between Best Practices and oversight effectiveness in Tanzania’s upstream petroleum sector with ρ of 0.686, p < 0.01. GLM tests showed both governance structures (β = 0.512, p < 0.001) and Best Practices (β = 0.427, p < 0.001) have positive influences on oversight effectiveness in Tanzania’s upstream petroleum sector and explained a total joint percentage of 62%. Study concluded that effective governance structures and Best Practices have played a crucial role in oversight effectiveness in Tanzania’s upstream petroleum sector. It recommends the improvement of the regulatory clarity, coordination of institutions, engagement of stakeholders, capacity enhancement, and technology-enabled monitoring of sustainable upstream petroleum governance in Tanzania.
Co-Authors Dickson, Pastory