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Ahmed, Abu Sayed Faisal
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Aerospace Engineering Automotive Engineering Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering

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Comparative Review of Electrical and Thermal Modeling Techniques for PMSMs in Next-Generation Electric Vehicles Ahmed, Abu Sayed Faisal; Uddin, Md Jasim; Hasan Mia, Md Mehedi; Saleh, Md Abu
Control Systems and Optimization Letters Vol 4, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Peneliti Teknologi Teknik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59247/csol.v4i1.189

Abstract

The objective of this paper is comparative reviews of PMSM electrical and thermal models for next-generation electric vehicles. The growing demand for electric vehicles (EVs) has necessitated advancements in motor technologies, with Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) emerging as a dominant choice for the next-generation EV powertrains due to their high efficiency, compact design, and excellent torque characteristics. However, the performance and reliability of PMSMs in EVs are significantly affected by electrical and thermal behaviors, which are critical for optimizing their efficiency, longevity, and thermal management. This review provides a comprehensive comparison of various electrical and thermal models used to simulate and analyze PMSMs for EV applications. Electrical models focus on accurate representation of motor dynamics, including the influence of control techniques such as Field-Oriented Control (FOC) and Direct Torque Control (DTC). Conversely, the goal of thermal models is to forecast the motor's thermal performance by accounting for heat production, cooling techniques, and how temperature affects electrical and magnetic characteristics. Thermal modeling techniques remain relatively underdeveloped. Most models use simplified lumped parameter thermal networks (LPTNs) or basic steady-state approaches, which fail to capture spatial and temporal temperature gradients across components like windings, stator core, rotor, and bearings. The strengths and limitations of lumped-parameter models, finite element analysis (FEA), and coupled Multiphysics simulations in representing the intricate relationships between the electrical and thermal domains are compared in depth. The study also discusses new advancements, such as the application of machine learning methods for real-time monitoring and model optimization. Lastly, potential prospects for enhancing model fidelity and computing efficiency are outlined, as well as the difficulties in accurately predicting thermal behavior under dynamic operating settings.
Advancements in Electric Vehicle Technologies: A Review of Powertrain Architectures and Battery Innovations Hasan Mia, Md Mehedi; Uddin, Md Jasim; Ahmed, Abu Sayed Faisal
Control Systems and Optimization Letters Vol 3, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Peneliti Teknologi Teknik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59247/csol.v3i3.190

Abstract

The main goal of this paper is to review the advancements in electric vehicle technologies for powertrain and battery innovations. The rapid evolution of electric vehicles (EVs) is driven by advancements in powertrain architecture and battery technologies, enabling improved efficiency, performance, and sustainability. This review explores recent innovations in EV powertrains, including permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), induction motors, and emerging switched reluctance motors (SRMs), along with advancements in motor control strategies and power electronics. Advanced control techniques like field-oriented control (FOC) and predictive control must be explained in detail for PMSM-based electric vehicle systems. FOC is a popular vector control method that converts the torque and flux components of the stator current into a rotating reference frame to decouple them. However, a more contemporary method called model predictive control (MPC) forecasts future system states using a dynamic model to optimize motor control operations. Additionally, battery technology developments, such as high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries, solid-state batteries, and next-generation fast-charging solutions, are analyzed in terms of energy storage capacity, charging speed, thermal management, and lifecycle improvements. The need for innovation is still shaped by practical obstacles in addition to technical developments in electric vehicle (EV) powertrains. Manufacturers are compelled to investigate alternative chemistries or optimize energy usage through more effective motor control and thermal management, for example, because lithium-ion batteries' reliance on rare and geopolitically sensitive materials like cobalt raises concerns about sustainability and the supply chain. The integration of powertrain and battery innovations with intelligent energy management systems and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology is also discussed, highlighting their impact on EV range, reliability, and grid sustainability. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the current technological landscape and future directions in EV development, addressing key challenges such as material limitations, charging infrastructure, and cost-effectiveness.
Co-Authors Hasan Mia, Md Mehedi Saleh, Md Abu Uddin, Md Jasim